CHF 1500 unit 3
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Breast growth in females and a deepening of the voice in males are examples of: a. Primary sex characteristics b. Secondary sex characteristics c. Tertiary sex characteristics d. Neurological development e. Formal operations
answer
b. secondary sex characteristics
question
According to the results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the countries with the highest math test scores are: a. Greece and Iceland. b. Japan and the United States. c. Austria and Italy. d. Hong Kong and Singapore.
answer
d. Hong Kong and Singapore
question
According to the text, which of the following symptoms is NOT usually associated with anorexia nervosa? a. obsession with being thin. b. voluntary starvation. c. binge eating in secret. d. distorted body image. e.According to the text, all of the above are associated with anorexia.
answer
c. binge eating in secret
question
A consequence of the limbic system developing faster than the cortex is that: a. Children have much higher IQs today than children did 60 years ago (the Flynn Effect). b. Menarche is occurring at an earlier age today than it did 60 years ago c. Spermarche is occurring at an earlier age today than it did 60 years ago d. Adolescents have difficulty seeing the perspective of others e. Adolescents' behavior may be more strongly influenced by emotions and less by logical cognitive thought.
answer
e. adolescents' behavior may be more strongly influenced by emotions and less by logical cognitive thought
question
When someone spreads insults or rumors about another person through social media, text messages, e-mail, or other electronic means, they are engaging in: a. Formal Operational Thought b. Dual-Process Model c. Cutting d. High-Stakes Testing e. Cyberbullying
answer
e. cyberbullying
question
The term for the pattern of rising and falling hormones that helps to regulate sleep-wake patterns each day is: a. Menarche b. Spermarche c. Estradiol d. Dizygotic e. Circadian Rhythm
answer
e. circadian rhythm
question
A strategy to increase student motivation to pay attention, participate in class, study, and finish their homework (in middle school) is to encourage a belief in: a. the incremental theory of intelligence. b. reading more. c. the entity theory of intelligence. d. studying earlier (not cramming) for tests.
answer
a. the incremental theory of intelligence
question
An evaluation that is critical in determining success or failure such as graduating or promotion to the next grade is called a(n): a. critical exam. b. intelligence test. c. high-stakes test. d. international test.
answer
c. high-stakes test
question
True or false: The adolescent brain experiences mature development (myelination) of the outer cortex before the inner parts. a. True b. False
answer
b. false
question
In general, adolescent egocentrism refers to the (choose the best response): a. belief that one is destined to have a legendary life. b. notion that one cannot be harmed by unprotected sex. c. viewpoint that everyone else is smarter than oneself. d. view that one is noticed by everyone.
answer
d. view that one is noticed by everyone
question
In social studies, Pat learns that the Gross Domestic Product of a small South American country has decreased over the last ten years. Pat uses this information to deduce that unemployment is probably very high in this country. This thought process is an example of: a. Deductive reasoning b. Inductive reasoning c. Dual-process model d. Hypothetical thought e. Intuitive thought
answer
a. deductive reasoning
question
What is the name of the hormone producing structures located above the kidneys? a. Hypothalamus b. Pituitary Gland c. Gonads d. Adrenal Gland e. Leptin Gland
answer
d. adrenal glands
question
True or False: For Piaget, adolescent egocentrism is NOT connected to formal operational thought? a. True b. False
answer
b. false
question
Sixteen-year-old Charlotte engages in unprotected sex with her boyfriend. Even though she has heard about the risks of pregnancy and STIs as results of unprotected sex, she believes that there is no way that she might get pregnant or an STI because those types of things only happen to other people and could not happen to her. This type of thinking is an example of: a. Adolescent egocentrism b. Personal fable c. Invincibility fable d. Formal Operational Logic e. Dual-Process Model
answer
c. invincibility fable
question
Fifteen year old Richard wants to be allowed to drive the family car, even though he does not yet have a driver's license. When his parents ask him why he thinks he should have driving privileges, he answers, "I know other kids who do it, and it's just stupid that I have to wait another 3 months until I turn 16." This is an example of what kind of thinking? a. reasoning b. intuitive c. logical d. analyticalb.
answer
b. intuitive
question
menarche
answer
a girl's first menstrual period, signalling that she has begun ovulation.
question
spermarche
answer
a boy's first ejaculation of sperm
question
pituitary
answer
a gland in the brain that produces many hormones, including those that regulate growth and that signal the adrenal and sex glands to produce additional hormones
question
adrenal glands
answer
two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones in response to signals from the pituitary
question
gonads
answer
the sex glands (ovaries in females, testicles in males)
question
estradiol
answer
a sex hormone, considered to be the chief estrogen (female hormone)
question
testosterone
answer
a sex hormone, the best known of androgens (male hormones)
question
circadian rhythm
answer
a day-night cycle of biological activity that occurs approximately every 24 hours
question
secular trend
answer
advances in growth and maturation that result from modern nutrition
question
growth spurt
answer
the relatively sudden and rapid psychical growth that occurs during puberty
question
primary sex characteristics
answer
the part of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis
question
secondary sex characteristics
answer
physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a mans beard and a woman's breasts
question
body image
answer
a person's idea of how his or her body looks, especially related to size and shape
question
anorexia nervosa
answer
an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and obsession with weight.
question
bulimia nervosa
answer
an eating disorder characterized b binge eating and subsequent purging, usually by induced vomiting and/or use of laxatives
question
formal operational thought
answer
in Piaget's theory, the fourth and final stage of cognitive development, characterized by systematic logical thinking and by understanding abstractions. One hallmark of formal operational thought is the capacity to think of possibility, not just reality
question
adolescent egocentrism
answer
a characteristic of adolescent thinking that leads young people to believe in their own uniqueness, and to imagine that other people are also focused on them
question
personal fable
answer
the belief that on'es own emotions, experiences, and destiny are unique, more wonderful or awful than anyone else's
question
invincibility fable
answer
the fantasy that a person cannot be harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high-speed driving
question
imaginary audience
answer
the other people who, in an adolescent's egocentric belief, watch his or her appearance, ideas, and behavior
question
hypothetical thought
answer
reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that do not reflect reality
question
deductive reasoning
answer
reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics
question
inductive reasoning
answer
reasoning from specific experiences or facts to reach (induce) a general conclusion
question
dual-process model
answer
the idea that two modes of thinking exist within the human brain, one for intuitive emotional responses and one for analytical reasoning
question
intuitive thought
answer
thought that arises from an emotion or a hunch, a "gut feeling" influenced by past experiences and cultural assumptions
question
analytic thought
answer
thought that results fro analysis, such as a systematic exploration of pros and cons, risks and consequences, possibilities and facts.
question
cyberbullying
answer
bullying that occurs when one person attacks and harms another via technology
question
secondary education
answer
education that follows primary education (age 11-18)
question
middle school
answer
a school for children after elementary school and before high school (age 6-8)
question
entity theory of intelligence
answer
the idea that intellectual ability is innate, a fixed quantity present at birth.
question
incremental theory of intelligence
answer
the idea that intelligence can be increased by effort, with attention and practice, as in class participation and homework
question
high-stakes test
answer
an evaluation that determines something very important.
question
PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment)
answer
an international test taken by 15-year-olds in 50 nations to measure problem solving and cognition in daily life
question
true or false? although the sequence of puberty is variable, the age of onset is not
answer
false
question
true or false? the level of stress in a child's family can influence the onset of puberty
answer
true
question
true or false? girls and boys who mature earlier or later than their friends have a difficult time adjusting to puberty
answer
true
question
true or false? by the end of adolescence, cognitive ability is equal to that of a fully mature adult
answer
false
question
Having thoughts about killing oneself is called: a. parasuicide b. suicidal ideation c. cluster suicides d. bipolar e. attempted suicide
answer
b. suicidal ideation
question
What is Erikson's fifth stage/crisis of psychosocial development? a. identity vs role confusion b. identity achievement vs. moratorium c. identity formation vs. foreclosure d. identity vs inferiority
answer
a. identity vs role confusion
question
identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents: a. pause during their identity formation to explore alternatives. b. form their identity prematurely. c. do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role. d. understand who they are as connected everything they have learned.
answer
c. do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role
question
The most frequently abused drug among teenagers in North America is: a. Cocaine b. Amphetamines c. Marijuana d. Tobacco e. Alcohol
answer
e. alcohol
question
Walter, who is 15 years old, plans to work as a plumber in his parents' plumbing business when he grows up. He has never really considered doing anything else as an occupation. James Marcia would say that Walter is in (blank) for identity achievement. a. Identity achievement b. Role confusion c. Foreclosure d. Moratorium e. Emotional Dependency
answer
c. foreclosure
question
The rate of clinical depression more than doubles from childhood through adolescence to an estimated __________ percent. a. 20 b. 15 c. 12 d. 7.5
answer
d. 7.5
question
Ethnic and generational identity overlap with _________________, but do not determine it. a. gender identity b. sexual identity c. political identity d. sexual orientation e. religious identity
answer
c. political identity
question
Parents' ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom is considered: a. Parental monitoring b. Parental training c. Parental support d. Connectedness
answer
a. parental monitoring
question
Alice wears her Fallout, Gears of War, and Halo T-shirts to school every day to identify herself with the large group of students in her school who identify themselves as "gamers." This underscores the ___________ impact of peers. a. Deviance b. Facilitation c. Pressure d. Clique e. Selection
answer
e. selection
question
True of False. Patterns set in place during childhood continue, ideally buffering some of the turbulance of adolescence. a. True b. False
answer
true
question
Which of the following are pathways that research has identified as earlier behavior patterns leading to delinquent behavior? a. Stubborness can lead to defiance, which can lead to running away. b. Shoplifting can lead to arson and burglary. c. Bullying can lead to assault, rape, and murder. d. All of the above e. None of the above
answer
d. all of the above
question
Barret is serving a 2-year mission for his church at the age of 19. When he returns home from his mission assignment, he will decide whether or not to attend college and will then make decisions about career and family. Barrett's current status is identity: a. foreclosure b. moratorium c. diffusion d. achievement
answer
b. moratorium
question
True or False. Bickering in early adolescence (especially between mothers and daughters) is a sign of emotional distance between the parent and the child. a. True b. False
answer
b. false
question
True or False. Research on Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in young people shows that adolescents who begin sexual activity after the age of 19 are twice as likely to become infected as those who have had intercourse before age 16. a. True b. False
answer
b. false
question
Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more: a. save more money for college. b. are more likely to love their work in adulthood. c. create a stronger vocational identity early on. d. tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school.
answer
d. tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school
question
identity v.s role confusion
answer
Erikson's term for his fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out "Who am I?" but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt
question
identity achievement
answer
Erickson's term for the attainment of identity, or the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual, in accord with past experiences and future plans.
question
role confusion
answer
a situation in which people do not seem to know or care about their identity
question
foreclosure
answer
Erikson's term for premature identity formation, when a person adopts parents' or society's roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis
question
moratorium
answer
In Erikson's identity stage, a socially acceptable way to postpone achievement. Going to college is a common example
question
gender identity
answer
a person's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that are associated with the biological categories of male and female
question
parental monitoring
answer
parents' ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom
question
peer pressure
answer
when people of that same age group encourage particular behavior, dress, and attitude
question
deviancy training
answer
when one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms
question
sexual orientation
answer
a person's sexual and romantic attraction to others of the same sex, the other sex, or both sexes
question
sexually transmitted infection (STI)
answer
an infection spread by sexual contact
question
familism
answer
the belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom and success, if necessary, because the family is more important
question
clinical depression
answer
feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that last two weeks or more
question
rumination
answer
repeatedly thinking and talking about past experiences and possibilites
question
suicidal ideation
answer
thinking about suicide, usually with serious emotional and intellectual impact
question
parasuicide
answer
any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death
question
cluster suicides
answer
several suicides committed by members of a group within a brief period
question
adolescence-limited offender
answer
a person whose criminal activity occurs only during adolescence
question
life-course-persistent offender
answer
a person whose criminal activity continues throughout life; a career criminal
question
generational forgetting
answer
the idea that each new generation forgets what the previous generation learned
question
According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the issues surrounding careers (vocational identity) for emerging adults? a. Values b. Readiness c. Management d. Multiple job changes e. All of the above were discussed in the text
answer
c. management
question
In the context of STIs, young adults remain the prime "vectors" which means: a. they have HIV/AIDS b. The globalization of contagious diseases c. Those who spread disease d. A wordwide epidemic e. All of the above
answer
c. those who spread disease
question
A commonality among intimate relationships is that they: a. progress from attraction to close connection to ongoing commitment. b. don't require much personal sacrifice b. increase self-protection. d. require a compromise of self-needs to satisfy another. e. none of the above
answer
a. progress from attraction to close connection to ongoing commitment
question
Forms of recreation that risk causing injury or death, and are attractive and thrilling as a result, are referred to as: a. off-the-wall adventures b. extreme sports c. edge sports d. cliff-hanger sports e. all of the above
answer
b. extreme sports
question
Immediate is to long-term as (blank) is to (blank) . a. Allostasis, Homeostasis b. Organ reserve, Homeostasis c. Allostasis, Organ Reserve d. Homeostasis, Allostasis e. None of the above
answer
d. homeostasis; allostasis
question
Most people over the age of 75 were raised to think that premarital sex is: a. perfectly acceptable. b. none of their business. c. potentially bad for society. d. no big deal. e. dangerous.
answer
c. potentially bad for society
question
College trends indicate that: a. more students are liberal arts majors than business majors. b. there is an increase in the number of students seeking a general education. c. more boys than girls attend college. d. more girls than boys attend college. e. none of the above.
answer
d. more girls than boys attend college
question
True or False. In spite of all the changes that have taken place in college education over the last 60 years, research suggests that attending college leads to young adults who display deeper and more postformal reasoning. a. True b. False
answer
a. true
question
U. S. Census data confirm that a college degree adds about (blank) per year to a worker's salary. a. $15,000 b. $20,000 c. $25,000 d. $50,000 e. None of the above
answer
b. $20,000
question
Historically, most women had their first child by age 22, whereas today most women are putting off having children through ________. a. Abstinence b. Segregation c. Contraception d. Abortion e. None of the above
answer
c. contraception
question
True or False: Cohabitation before marriage has been found to improve marital stability and satisfaction. a. True b. False
answer
b. false
question
Erikson's fifth stage of development, identity versus role confusion, starts in adolescence and is resolved: a. before adulthood. b. at the end of puberty. c. during adulthood. d. during adolescence. e. prior to having children.
answer
c. during adulthood
question
The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another person's oversimplified, prejudiced attitudes is called: a. massification b. stereotype threat c. bias d. all of the above e. none of the above
answer
b. stereotype threat
question
Which of the following may be a destructive risk common in emerging adulthood? a. driving fast wihtout a seat belt b. abusing drugs c. carrying a loaded gun d. unprotected sex with a new partner e. All of the above
answer
e. all of the above
question
Which of the following is excessive parental support that impedes independence? a. Hovering b. Authoritarian c. Helicopter d. Stalking e. Authoritative
answer
c. helipcopter
question
true or false? teens tend to overestimate the extent to which others are thinking about them
answer
true
question
true or false? unlike younger children, adolescents typically are not egocentric in their thought patterns
answer
false
question
true or false? adolescents are able to reason about positions that may or may not reflect (i.e., abstract concepts like "freedom"), while younger children are still tied to concrete operational thought (i.e., the idea of "freedom" in terms of real-life events).
answer
true
question
true or false? compared to younger children, adolescents have little difficulty in transitioning to new schools
answer
false
question
emerging adulthood
answer
the period of life between the ages of 18 and 25
question
organ reserve
answer
the extra capacity built into each organ, such as the heart and lungs, that allows a person to cope with extraordinary demands and to withstand organ strain
question
homeostasis
answer
the adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological functions in equilibrium, moment by moment
question
allostasis
answer
a dynamic body adjustment to long-term biological conditions of a person's life
question
allostatic load
answer
the stresses of basic body systems that burden overall functioning, such as hypertension
question
extreme sports
answer
forms of recreation that include apparent risk of injury or death and are attractive and thrilling s a result
question
drug abuse
answer
when a drug impairs the user's biological or psychological well-being
question
postformal thought
answer
a proposed adult stage of cognitive development. It is more practical, flexible, and dialectical (i.e., more capable of combining contradictory elements into a comprehensive whole) than earlier cognition
question
stereotype threat
answer
the thought that one's appearance or behavior might confirm another person's oversimplified, prejudiced attitudes, a thought that causes anxiety even when the stereotype is not held by other people
question
massive open online courses (MOOCs)
answer
college courses that are offered solely online
question
intimacy v.s isolation
answer
the sixth of Erikson's eight stages of development. Adults seek someone with whom to share their lives in an enduring and self-sacrificing commitment.
question
linked lives
answer
when the success, health, and well-being of each family member are connected to those of other members
question
helicopter parent
answer
the label used for parents who hover over their emerging adult children
question
hookup
answer
a sexual encounter between two people who are not in a romantic relationship
question
cohabitation
answer
an arrangement in which a couple live together in a committed romantic relationship but are not married
question
true or false? generally speaking, parent-adolescent conflict is about routine, day-to-day concerns
answer
true
question
true or false? early exclusive romance signifies maturity
answer
false
question
true or false? thinking about committing suicide is actually quite rare among high school students
answer
true
question
true or false? major crimes are more likely to be committed during adolescence and emerging adulthood than in any other period of life
answer
false
question
true or false? physical strength, such as that required to life a heavy load, peaks by age 21
answer
false
question
true or false? many young adults downplay the long-term consequences of risky behaviors
answer
true
question
true or false? of all the stages of life, the beginning of young adulthood is the time when problem drinking is most common
answer
true
question
true or false? college student drinking behavior is more influenced by portrayals of drinking in the media than by peer alcohol use
answer
false
question
What are the key features that characterize emerging adulthood? describe them
answer
1. instability: instability is characterized by change 2. self-focused: "it's all about me" (am I capable of doing certain things for myself?) 3. feeling in-between: what is more difficult? being treated like a child or being treated like an adult? 4. The age of possibilities when individuals have an opportunity to transform their lives: when individuals have an opportunity to transform their lives (health, reproduction, cognition) 5. identity exploration, especially in love and work
question
Post formal thought: Subjective thought
answer
Thinking strongly influenced by personal qualities of the individual thinker
question
Post formal thought: Objective thought
answer
Thinking that is not Influenced by the thinker's personal qualities; involves facts and numbers
question
What are the three purposes of sex according to energizing adults?
answer
1. Reproduction 2. Relationship 3. Recreation
question
What is Sternberg's triangular theory of love?
answer
-passion: characterized by excitement, ecstasy, and euphoria -intimacy: a reciprocal aspect of romance -commitment: grows gradually through decisions to be together
question
Stress-diathesis model
answer
When genetic vulnerabilities and environmental factors/life events can result in psychological disorders
question
stability comes from many sources, but a lot of stability found in adulthood came from (blank)
answer
childhood
question
puberty
answer
a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes
question
What is the order of male pubertal changes?
answer
1. increase in penis 2. pubic hair 3. minor voice change 4. spermarche 5. pubic hair changes 6. max growth in height and weight 7. hair in armpits 8. more detectable voice changes 9. facial hair
question
what is the order of female pubertal changes?
answer
1. breasts enlarge 2. pubic hair 3. hair in armpits 4. height increases and hips widen 5. menarche 6. voice changes 7. by the end breasts are more fully rounded
question
What does early sexual activity correlate with?
answer
depression and drug abuse
question
Name James Marcia's stages of identity
answer
-identity achievement (high exploration and high decision-making) -foreclosure (low exploration and high decision-making) -moratorium (high exploration and low decision-making) -role confusion (low exploration and low decision-making)
question
cliques
answer
small groups ranging from 2 to about 12
question
crowds
answer
larger and less personal groups who have something in common
question
at what age do we enter into romantic attractions?
answer
age 11 to 13
question
What are the four arenas of identity formation?
answer
1. religious 2. political 3. vocational (envisioning oneself in a particular occupation) 4. sexual (AKA gender identity)
question
Describe the brain development in adolescence
answer
myelination and maturation occur in sequence, proceeding from the lower and inner parts of the brain to the cortex, and from the back to the frontal and then the prefrontal cortex
question
What have today's teenagers been called?
answer
digital natives
question
What are the four aspects of closeness within the family? describe them
answer
1. communication-do family members talk openly with one another? 2. Support- do they rely on one another? 3. Connectedness- how emotionally close are they? 4. Control- do parents encourage or limit adolescent autonomy?
question
What are the most common risks in emerging adulthood?
answer
unprotected sex with a new partner, driving without a seat belt, carrying a loaded gun, abusing drugs, and addictive gambling
question
What results in more deaths in emerging adulthood than all other causes combined?
answer
fatal accidents, homicide, and suicide
question
the sexual reproductive system is at its (blank) during emerging adulthood
answer
strongest
question
(blank) cause infertility and later adult deaths that seem unrelated
answer
STIs
question
Describe Perry's scheme of cognitive development
answer
student's thinking went through nine levels of complexity over the four years that led to a bachelor's degree position 1: freshman position 2: dualism modified position 3: dualism modified position 4: relativism discovered position 5: relativism discovered position 6: relativism discovered position 7: commitments in relativism developed position 8: commitments in relativism developed position 9: seniors
question
Perry found that freshmen arrived thinking in a (blank)
answer
simplistic dualism
question
By the end of college Perry's subjects believed strongly in (blank)
answer
relativism, recognizing that many perspectives might be valid and that almost nothing was totally right or wrong
question
(blank) is crucial for every intellectual accopmlishment
answer
motivation
question
Traits strongly present at age 5 or 15 do/do not disappear by age 25
answer
do not disappear
question
describe the process the brain goes through during puberty
answer
hypothalamus-(hormones)-pituitary-(growth hormones)-adrenal/gonads-(increase in hormones)-growth spurt/primary sex characteristics/secondary sex characteristics
question
What is role confusion also known as?
answer
Identity diffusion
question
If an 18-year-old is no longer open to new possibilities in the four arenas of identity, that may indicate (blank) not achievement
answer
Foreclosure
question
Taking risks is a behavior that is (blank) and (blank) related as well as genetic and hormonal
answer
Gender; age
question
True or false? Compared with adolescent thinking, adult thinking is more practical, flexible, and integrative
answer
True
question
True or false? Faith is not a constant; it changes or deepens after the emerging adult years
answer
True
question
True or false? A colleg education teaches students to accept the right answers provided by their instructors and other authorities
answer
False
question
True or false? Men and women approach moral issues in the same way
answer
False
