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Golden Age

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a period in a field of endeavor when great tasks were accomplished. The term originated from early Greek and Roman poets, who used it to refer to a time when mankind lived in a better time and was pure

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Sui

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The Sui dynasty was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance.

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Tang

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The Tang dynasty traded along the Silk Road and connected China to the cities of central Asia, the Middle East, the Abbasid Dynasty in Baghdad, and even the Roman Byzantine Dynasty in Constantinople.

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Song

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was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279. It succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and was followed by the Yuan dynasty

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Vietnam rice

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Rice production in Vietnam in the Mekong and Red River deltas is important to the food supply in the country and national economy.

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Kaifeng

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For 166 years, beginning in 960 C.E., China was ruled by the emperors of the Song Dynasty from their capital at Kaifeng

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Foot binding

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the custom of applying painfully tight binding to the feet of young girls to prevent further growth.

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Tribute

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Gifts to offer for trade, or to buy off. Goes both ways

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radiating civilization

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It radiates the qualities of fairness, strength, majesty, courage and inspired leadership, so this location will attract souls who have these qualities or who wish to develop them.

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Middle Kingdom

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the period in the history of ancient Egypt between circa 2050 BC and 1800 BC, stretching from the reunification of Egypt under the impulse of Mentuhotep II of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Twelfth Dynasty.

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Xiongnu

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also known as the Asiatic Huns, were one of the nomadic peoples of Ancient Central Asia.

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Steppe nomads

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The Eurasian nomads were a large group of nomadic peoples from the Eurasian Steppe, who often appear in history as invaders of Europe, the Middle East and China. The generic title encompasses the varied ethnic groups who have at times inhabited the steppes of Central Asia, Mongolia, and what is now Russia

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Barbarians

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a member of a community or tribe not belonging to one of the great civilizations (Greek, Roman, Christian).

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Korean dynasties

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Goguryeo (Koguryŏ) Dynasty, 37 bce-668 ce. Baekje (Paekche) Dynasty, 18 bce-660 ce. Silla Dynasty, 57 bce-935. Parhae Dynasty, 698-926. Goryeo (Koryŏ) period, 918-1392. Joseon (Choson or Yi) Dynasty, 1392-1910.

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Hangul

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The Korean alphabet,

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Red River valley

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A region in central North America that is drained by the Red River of the North.

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Trung Sisters

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heroines of the first Vietnamese independence movement, who headed a rebellion against the Chinese Han-dynasty overlords and briefly established an autonomous state.

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Shotoku Taishi

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was a semi-legendary regent and a politician of the Asuka period in Japan who served under Empress Suiko.

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Heian

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is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height.

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Samurai

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a member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan, especially a member of the class of military retainers of the daimyos.

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Bushido

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a Japanese term for the samurai way of life, loosely analogous to the concept of chivalry in Europe.

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Kami

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a divine being in the Shinto religion.

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Shinto

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a Japanese religion dating from the early 8th century and incorporating the worship of ancestors and nature spirits and a belief in sacred power ( kami ) in both animate and inanimate things. It was the state religion of Japan until 1945.

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Tanka

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a Japanese poem consisting of five lines, the first and third of which have five syllables and the other seven, making 31 syllables in all and giving a complete picture of an event or mood

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The Tale of Genji

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is a classic work of Japanese literature written by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu in the early years of the 11th century, around the peak of the Heian period.

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Pillow Book

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a type of private diary

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Calligraphy

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decorative handwriting or handwritten lettering.

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Johannes Gutenberg

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A German printer of the fifteenth century, who invented the printing press

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Gunpowder Revolution

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5 November 1605. Result. Failure, plotters executed. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I of England and VI of Scotland by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby.

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Woodblock printing

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is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper.

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Salt peter

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a white powder that exists naturally in some soils and that is used especially as a fertilizer, in medicine, and to make gunpowder.

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Monkey god

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The Monkey God is one of the mot popular characters in Chinese culture and is worshiped as a Taoist Deity.

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Dao

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the absolute principle underlying the universe, combining within itself the principles of yin and yang and signifying the way, or code of behavior, that is in harmony with the natural order.

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Pure Land School

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pure land is the celestial realm or pure abode of a buddha or bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism

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