Chapter 6: The integumentary system – Flashcards
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What type of hair is present prenatally and usually replaced by birth?
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Lanugo
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Which two strata of the epidermis are most susceptible to cancer?
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Stratum spinosum and stratum basale
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The __________ is absent from most epidermis.
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stratum lucidum
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The reddish color of the skin of the lips is primarily due to the presence of which pigment?
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Hemoglobin
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What is the white opaque "moon" often found at the proximal end of a fingernail called?
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Lunule
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The hypodermis is characterized by an abundance of which tissue?
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Adipose tissue
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The least common, but most deadly, type of skin cancer is __________.
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melanoma
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__________ burns involve the epidermis, all of the dermis, and often some deeper tissue.
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Third-degree
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A __________ is an elevated patch of melanized skin.
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mole
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The youngest keratinocytes are found in the stratum basale.
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True
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Looking at a slide of axillary skin under the microscope, you notice the presence of __________ glands that are absent on slides of the scalp.
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apocrine
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Secretions from __________ glands contribute to the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth on the skin.
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merocrine sweat
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The base where a hair follicle originates in the skin is known as the __________.
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Hair bulb
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The __________ glands are a source of sex pheromones.
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apocrine
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Looking at a slide of thin skin under the microscope, you note that the stratum basale is the __________ layer of the epidermis in from the surface.
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fourth
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Albinism is the genetic lack of melanin that results in a milky white coloration of the skin.
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True
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Freckles are elevated patches with an abnormal coloration of the skin.
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False
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The skin is a barrier to all of the following except __________.
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metals such as mercury
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Mitosis in the __________ accounts for growth of the nail.
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nail matrix
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Fingerprints left on things we touch are associated with our __________.
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dermal papillae
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Debridement is not necessary to infection control.
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False
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Which of the following best describes the composition of the dermis?
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Collagen and fibroblasts
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Hair and nails are composed of collagen.
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False
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Pattern baldness is relatively rare in women because women have lower testosterone levels than men.
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True
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Excessive hairiness is called __________.
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hirsutism
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Increased bilirubin levels cause a skin discoloration called __________.
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jaundice
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Which layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells?
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Stratum corneum
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Skin covering the __________ has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands.
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fingertips
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In which of the following skin layers would a subcutaneous injection be administered?
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Hypodermis
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Which of the following is not part of the skin?
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Hypodermis
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The skin carries out the first step in the synthesis of vitamin D.
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True
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A hair cycle consists of three developmental stages in which order?
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Anagen, catagen, and telogen
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The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the __________.
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stratum basale
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Living keratinocytes exfoliate from the epidermis as tiny specks called dander.
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False
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The deeper of the two layers of the skin is the hypodermis.
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False
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Melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene give color to the skin.
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True
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Embarrassment can be perceived by an abnormal coloration of the skin call cyanosis.
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False
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The acidity of sweat contributes to the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth in the skin.
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True
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The three forms of skin cancer are defined by the types of cells from which they originate.
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True
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These are all types of cells found in the epidermis except...
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fibroblasts
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Skin covering the ___ have sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous (oil) glands.
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fingertips
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Most of the skin is ___mm thick.
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1 to 2
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In the dermis, there is ___ and ___ present in this layer of skin
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Collagen and fibroblasts
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Layer 1 (epidermis) represents ____, whereas layer 2 (dermis) represents ___.
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stratified squamous epithelium; dense irregular connective tissue.
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5 layers of the epidermis (surface > deep)
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5 layers of the epidermis (surface > deep) stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale
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This layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells...
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stratum corneum (top layer)
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Which of the following are associated with the sense of touch?
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tactile (Merkel) cells
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These cells stand guard against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens...
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dendritic (Langerhans) cells
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Fingerprints left on things we touch are associated with...
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dermal papillae
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Calluses or corns are the result of accelerated multiplication of...
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keratinocytes
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Leather is mostly made of the ___ layer of the dermis, which is very tough due to the high concentration of ___ fibers.
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reticular; collagen
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The skin discoloration most likely to suggest physical abuse is...
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hematoma
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This skin color is most likely to result from anemia...
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pallor
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Ethnic difference in skin color are primarily caused by differences in...
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quantity of melanin produced
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A pilus is..
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a hair
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The hair present only prenatally is called ___, most of which is replaced by ___ by the time of birth.
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lanugo; vellus
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Blood vessels in the ___ provide a hair with its sole source of nutrition.
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dermal pailla
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The contraction of the piloerector muscles (pilomotor muscle or arrector pili) in humans causes...
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hairs to stand on end with no apparent function.
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Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a(an)...
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hair follicle
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The narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the proximal end of a nail is called...
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eponychium (cuticle)
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Variations in hair color arise from the relative amounts of...
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eumelanin and pheomelanin
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The oil of your scalp is secreted by ___ glands associated with the hair follicles.
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sebaceous
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___ is/are formed partly from the secretions of glands in the external ear canal.
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cerumen
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The cutaneous glands concerned with cooling the body are....
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merocrine (sweat) glands
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The ___ are a source of sex pheromones.
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apocrine glands
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Mammary glands are modified ___ glands that develop within the female breast, whereas ___ are present in both sexes.
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apocrine; breasts
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The "ABCD rule" for recognizing early signs of malignant melanoma refers to the following characteristics of the lesion:
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Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color, and Diameter
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The least common but most deadly type of skin cancer is...
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melanoma
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Basal cell carcinoma initially affects cells of the stratum ___, whereas melanoma arises from ___.
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basale, melanocytes
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The most immediate threat to the life of a patient with severe burns is...
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fluid loss
