question

Mr. Remick asks 9-year-old Anne to divide a pitcher of lemonade equally between two glasses, one each for her and her friend Kate. The two glasses are different shapes, with Anne's being tall and thin and Kate's being short and wide. After Anne pours the lemonade, Mr. Remick says to her, "Look, the lemonade in your glass is higher than the lemonade in Kate's glass. Did you give yourself more than you gave Kate?" "No," Anne replies, "my glass is skinnier." Mr. Remick continues to ask Anne questions to determine how well she understands that height compensates for width in this situation. Mr. Remick's strategy can best be described as illustrating:

answer

The clinical method

question

Which one of the following teachers is definitely keeping in mind Piaget's idea that assimilation and accommodation are both necessary for cognitive development?

answer

Mr. Chang shows students how a new topic is similar to the things they already know but also different in certain ways.

question

Which one of the following statements best describes the idea that cognitive development involves a process of construction?

answer

Children pull together pieces of information about a topic to create their own understandings.

question

According to Piaget, three of the following are essential for cognitive development. Which one is not?

answer

High self-esteem

question

From Piaget's perspective, social interactions are most likely to promote cognitive development when:

answer

Children share and explain different points of view

question

Which one of the following best reflects Piaget's notion of equilibration?

answer

A child revises existing schemes to incorporate new information.

question

Which one of the following clearly illustrates Piaget's concept of assimilation?

answer

Five-year-old Harvey draws on the chalkboard with a large white crayon instead of with chalk.

question

Five-year-old Becky is playing with blocks, stacking them one on top of another until her towers eventually tumble, and then stacking them again. Which one of the following best reflects Piaget's view of how Becky is probably learning in this situation?

answer

Becky is actively thinking about and interpreting the results of her actions.

question

From Piaget's perspective, children are:

answer

Eager to interact with and make sense of their world

question

Piaget's view of cognitive development can best be described as:

answer

Discrete stages in which distinctly different forms of logical thought emerge

question

Which one of the following statements best describes Piaget's view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?

answer

Children actively construct their own view of the world from their experiences with the environment

question

Which one of the following examples best illustrates symbolic thought?

answer

Laura asks herself, "Hmm, where did I put my social studies book?"

question

Piaget's sensorimotor stage is characterized by:

answer

Schemes based primarily on perceptions and behaviors

question

Roger is shown two piles of sand and says that each pile has the same amount. However, when one pile is flattened with a shovel, Roger now claims emphatically that the flattened pile has less sand. Based on this information, Roger is probably in Piaget's ________ stage of development.

answer

preoperational

question

From Piaget's perspective, why is language critical for children's cognitive development?

answer

It gives them a means for symbolically thinking about objects and events.

question

Imagine that you are a third-grade teacher. If you were to make predictions based on Piaget's stages of cognitive development, you would expect most or all of your students to exhibit ________ thinking.

answer

concrete operations

question

Which one of the following examples best illustrates Piaget's concept of object permanence?

answer

two-year-old Jasmine looks for a favorite toy her father has just hidden in a box.

question

Choose the statement below that most accurately reflects recent research findings concerning Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

answer

The order in which various logical thinking capabilities emerge is consistent with the sequence that Piaget proposed.

question

If we look at cognitive development from Piaget's perspective, we would expect a child in the concrete operations stage to have the greatest difficulty with which one of the following questions?

answer

An apple pie is cut into 4 pieces. A blueberry pie of the same size is cut into 12 pieces. How many pieces of blueberry pie do you need to have the same amount as 3 pieces of the apple pie?

question

Which one of the following conditions is most likely to help children learn from a discovery learning activity?

answer

Having some prior knowledge about the material being explored

question

From Vygotsky's perspective, what important role does inner speech play?

answer

By giving themselves directions about what to do next, children guide themselves through complex tasks.

question

Xavier loves to write poetry. Often he uses techniques that his favorite poets use, but typically he modifies these techniques to better suit his own style. This situation illustrates which one of the following concepts in Vygotsky's theory?

answer

appropriation

question

From Piaget's perspective, why might it be wise to postpone the teaching of complex fractions until middle school or high school?

answer

Younger students haven't attained proportional reasoning.

question

Vygotsky's concept of zone of proximal development refers to:

answer

The range of tasks children can accomplish only with support

question

In Vygotsky's view, opportunities to engage in pretend play (e.g., playing "house" or "doctor") have which one of the following effects?

answer

They allow children to practice adult behaviors.

question

Which one of the following statements best describes Vygotsky's concept of internalization?

answer

Through their social interactions with other people, children acquire ways of mentally approaching and thinking about a task.

question

Several parents who are making costumes for an elementary school play ask the young cast members to assist them with such tasks as cutting fabric, pinning pieces together, and sewing simple hems. Using the language of Vygotskian theorists, we can say that the parents are:

answer

Engaging the students in guided participation

question

In her first trip to a zoo, 7-year-old Latisha notices that leopards have paws very similar in shape to her cat Snowball's paws. She also notices that leopards walk in much the same way that Snowball does. Latisha starts to wonder if perhaps leopards are cats. Latisha's thinking illustrates Piaget's idea that thought is characterized by:

answer

use of schemes

question

Which one of the following best illustrates Piaget's concept of accommodation?

answer

Carol revises her understanding of what clouds are like when she studies them in science.

question

Which one of the following scenarios best reflects the basic idea of individual constructivism?

answer

A 15-year-old tries to make sense of a poorly written and confusing magazine article.

question

The processes of assimilation and accommodation both involve:

answer

Relating new information to prior knowledge

question

Mr. Johnson teaches a class of twenty 7- and 8-year-old second graders. His goal for the upcoming school year is to help at least 50% of his students reach formal operations. From the perspective of Piaget's theory, we would expect that Mr. Johnson's goal is:

answer

Almost impossible to attain

question

The following four junior high school science teachers are teaching the concept molecule to their students. In each classroom, some of the students are frequently using formal operational reasoning, whereas others are consistently using concrete operational reasoning. In which classroom are the concrete operational thinkers most likely to have difficulty understanding?

answer

Mr. Carmen verbally describes how different elements are made up of different numbers of neutrons, protons, and electrons.

question

Piaget spoke of egocentrism as a characteristic of preoperational thought. Three of the following are examples of egocentrism as Piaget defined it. Which one is not?

answer

Justin is constantly grabbing objects and pulling them toward himself

question

Carl can correctly answer a question such as, "If all flegs are blats, and if all blats are dulms, are all flegs also dulms?" From Piaget's perspective, Carl is most likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development.

answer

formal operations

question

Which one of the following statements reflects a concern about the separation and control of variables?

answer

"I'm catching more tadpoles today, but I don't know if it's because I'm using a larger container to catch them or because I'm working in a different part of the frog pond."

question

Olivia understands why 3/5 and 9/15 are equivalent fractions. Based on this information, Olivia is probably in Piaget's ________ stage of development.

answer

formal operations

question

James is talking about how much better the world would be if everyone just agreed to love everyone else. In Piaget's view, James is most likely to be

answer

14 years old

question

Which one of the following conclusions can be derived from recent research regarding Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

answer

Youngsters will think more logically about a topic when they have acquired relevant knowledge and experiences related to the topic.

question

Louis receives a new soccer ball and begins to dribble it in the same way he dribbles his basketball. His dribbling of the new ball reflects Piaget's concept of:

answer

Assimilation

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