Chapter 6- Person-Centered Therapy – Flashcards
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Practiced in the 50s,60s,70s Creates a space for client to be heard
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Carl Rogers, Person Centered Therapy
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Food Health Movement Safety Rest Order
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Human Needs
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When we give our full attention to seeing/hearing/sensing feelings and needs within ourselves + others Respectful and compassionate Doesn't necessarily mean agreement - reflection and clarification
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Empathy
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Giving advice, suggesting, fixing, "doing something"
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This is not empathy
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-We are trustworthy and good -We have the capacity for change and effective living (by our own definition) - Given the appropriately supportive conditions, clients can grow, change, fulfill their purposes
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The Person-Centered Perspective
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We are all moving in the direction of ______________(Maslow)
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Self-actualization
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Shared journey/company of the client + therapist Appreciation for the client's strivings
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Person-Centered Emphasis
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Therapeutic relationship is paramount - depends heavily on therapist _________, presence
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Self- Knowledge
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Within the therapeutic relationship client engages their own process of growth
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Self-DIRECTED
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________ of the therapeutic climate in session is key
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Quality
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6 Therapeutic Core Conditions 1. Contact between ____ people- client + therapist 2. Client is experiencing incongruence( Between perceived self and ideal self) 3. Therapist is _________ within him/herself + with the client 4. Therapist has ____________ for client - attempts to communicate this with empathic understanding
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1. 2 2. incongruence 3. Congruent 4. Genuine Regard
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5. Therapist experiences empathy with the client's experience and attempts to communicate this ______________ 6. Client has the experience of being deeply ________ and __________.
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empathic understanding Heard ; understood
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What do these core conditions result in?
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Client growth and change
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Rogers believed in the potential to change a client's __________.
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Personality
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Genuineness, realness; therapist doesn't present a façade. Not disclosing for the sake of disclosing; needs to be appropriate and well-timed.
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Congruence
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Acceptance and caring ("I accept you as you are") Math Problem vs. Sunset - looking at experience rather than a problem solving set
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Unconditional positive regard
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Ability to grasp one's own feelings/needs and the subjective experiences of another
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Accurate empathic understanding
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Therapist qualities: 1. Attends to the ________ of the relationship 2. De-emphasizes a___________ and/or ________________ 3. Creates a ___________ environment 4. Models "__________" (showing up fully "real" in the world)
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1. Quality 2. Assessment ; diagnostic tools 3. Supportive 4. Congruence
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Continued: 1. Doesn't put up a _________ front 2. Openly expresses ________ and ________ present in the relationship 3. Is committed to process of ________ and ___________
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False Feelings ; Attitudes Growth; self-actualization
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Exploring ambivalence and discrepancies "Rolling" with resistance Focus on self-efficacy; client strengths
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Motivational Interviewing
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What are the stages of change?
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-Precontemplation -Contemplation -Action -Maintenance
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Not really on the radar - other people might notice this problem
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Precontemplation
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thinking about change- pros and cons
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Contemplation
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this is an issue that I want to take action on
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Action
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in the process of trying to maintain success
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Maintenance
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- Philosophy and practice permeates many psychotherapeutic approaches - Rogers emphasized research in clinical practice - Therapist is a "fellow traveler" in the process of psychotherapy
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Strengths of person centered therapy
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-Focus on individual development/autonomy may not be a focus in culture which emphasize a common good - therapist needs to listen and adjust - Without specific techniques - difficult to standardize (and Rogers did NOT want this to be "his" approach alone) - Limits of therapist - may not create the core conditions needed
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Limits of person centered therapy
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Three Approaches to Psychotherapy (Rogers, Perls, Ellis) Filmed in 1964 A real client, not scripted Highly candid disclosure for the time
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" The Gloria Films"
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reflecting back what you hear on an emotive level- it might not be true but then they can clarify
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MAJOR EMPATHIC TOOL
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Genuineness, realness; therapist doesn't present a facade. Not disclosing for the sake of disclosing; needs to be appropriate and well-timed
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Congruence
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Medical setting( Patient is a smoker): The doctor said, " You didn't try hard enough"- it's hard not to present danger when it is urgent but kind of comes off as an ass
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Rolling with it - How not to do it
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The doctor warmed him up to the idea of taking small steps and allowing him to steer his path to cutting back. She was very encouraging in his ideas. She asked for permission to give her input. Key aspect of this interviewing is asking for permission
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Rolling with it- How to do it
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client strengths - highlighting that they are capable and that you are capable to help them
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Focus on self-efficacy
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T or F Rogers emphasized research in clinical practice- but he didn't want it to be the only theoretical approach- it was an additional orientation
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True
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struggling to adjust to single life- HEr daughter asked if she made love since her daddy. She lied and said no - telling her the truth or lying protects her more? Roger reflected back to her
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Gloria's struggles
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Emerged as a person-centered " Approach" informed by understanding the role of emotions in human functioning and psycho-therapeutic change - increases awareness of emotions and make productive of them
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Emotion- Focused Therapy ( EFT)
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A source of motivation first comes physiological needs ( Hungry, thirsty ) Second, Safety needs ( need for belonging and love) Third, Need for esteem ( from self and others) fourth, self- actualization
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs
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Directional process of striving toward realization, fulfillment, autonomy, and self-determination
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Actualizing Tendency
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Enables practitioners to experience what it is like to be the client
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Integral model of empathy Subjective Empathy
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Understanding a client's internal frame of reference and conveying a sense of the private meaning to the person
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Interpersonal empathy
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Knowledge sources outside of a client's frame of reference
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Objective empathy
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Therapist will sense clients' feelings as if they were his or her own without becoming lost in those feelings
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Accurate empathic understanding
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Being completely attentive and immersed in the client as well as in the client's expressed concerns Qualities and skills such as listening, accepting, respecting, and understanding
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Presence
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Addressing what is going in between the client and therapist, is highly valued in this approach
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Immediacy
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Humanistic, client centered, psychosocial developed by William Miller. First for those with drinking problems but has been expanded to substance abuse, compulsive gambling, eating disorders - Goal: be healthy and desire positive change
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Motivational interviewing
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5 Basic principles of MI
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1. See world through client's eyes without judgement 2. Explore discrepancies and ambivalence 3. Roll with resistance - evaluate clients willingness to change 4. Support self efficacy - use own resources
