Chapter 6- Medieval Europe – Flashcards
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__________ influenced where medieval Europeans settles and what they did.
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Geography
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the Franks, Angles, and Saxons of __________ Europe built new societies and defended them against Muslims, Maryars, and Vikings
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western
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The _______ Church spread Christianity though Western Europe
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Catholic
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This king because a Catholic in AD 496
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King Clovis
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The man that wanted to unite all the Frankish nobles under his rule. He worked with the Catholic Church and conquered a Muslim army in AD 711 at the Battle of Tours
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Charles Martel
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Pepin's son. Crowned the Emperor by the pope on Christmas day AD 800
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Charlemagne
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Charlemagne's capital
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Aachen
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The place where Vikings originated
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Scandinavia
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steep sided valley that are inlets of the sea
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fjords
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King Otto's territory
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Holy Roman Empire
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He fought the Magyars and sent troops into Italy to protect the pope.
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Otto I
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people who are sent out to teach their religion
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Missionaries
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Pope elected to be so in 1073 AD. He wanted to stop nobles and kings from interfering in church affairs. He issued a decree forbidding kings from appointing high-ranking church officials
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Gregory VII
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The Holy Roman emperor that Gregory VII's decree angered. He risked losing power to the nobles if the decree remained.
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Henry IV
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to declare that a person or group no longer belongs to the church
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Excommunicated
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an agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country
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concordat
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Under this, landowning nobles governed and protected the people in return for services, such as fighting in a noble's army or farming the land.
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feudalism
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a noble who served a lord of higher rank
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vassal
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land granted to a vassal was known as this
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fief
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warriors in armor who fought on horseback
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knights
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This city, along with other Italian cities began trading with the Byzantine Empire and soon became the center of trade in the Mediterranean
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Venice
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towns in this, which is now part of Belgium, became the center of trade for northern Europe. This area was known for its woolen cloth.
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Flanders
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Part of western France across the English Channel from England. This region came to be known after the Vikings, or Norsemen, who ruled it.
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Normandy
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A descendant of the Viking ruler who had conquered Normandy. Also a cousin of King Edward of England, so when the king died, he thought that he should gain the throne. As a result of this, when he didn't get it, he conquered England.
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William the Conqueror
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decided whether people should be accused of a crime
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grand jury
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decided whether an accused person was innocent or guilty
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trial jury
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Raised taxes in England and punished his enemies without trials. They met with him in 1215 and forced hims to sign the Magna Carta
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King John
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took away some of the king's powers and guaranteed people certain rights
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Magna Carta
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the idea that protects a person from being imprisoned indefinitely without a trial
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Habeas corpus
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Called for a meeting of people from different parts of England. The gathering became known as Parliament, became divided into the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
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Edward I
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people who had been ordained as priests
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clergy
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King of France that ruled from 1180 to 1223. Went to war against England and conquered most of their territories.
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Philip II
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Around AD 900, a Viking leader named Oleg created a Rus state around this city.
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Kiev
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The state that Oleg made that was really a group of small territories.
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Kievan Rus
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A city located at the crossroads of several important trade routs. It was a city that belonged to the Slavs, and became important after the Mongols recked havoc on the Kievan Rus.
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Moscow
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A Muslim that in 1174 became ruler of Egypt. He declared war against the Christian states the crusaders had built. He proved to be a brilliant commander, and captured Jerusalem in 1187
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Saladin
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The first order of friars was founded by this person.
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Francis of Assisi
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the Catholic worship service
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Mass
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religious belief that conflicts with Church teachings
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Heresy
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hatred of Jews in known as this.
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anti-semitism
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Two of the first European universities were in _________, Italy, and Paris, France.
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Bologna
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the study of religion and god
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theology
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the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe
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scholasticism
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combined Church teachings with the ideas of Aristotle
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Thomas Aquinas
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the everyday language
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vernacular
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a holy war launched by the pope
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Crusade
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pushed into Ireland, wales, and Scotland by the angles and Saxons
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celts
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a census taken in England by William the Conqueror
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Domesday Book
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headed a convent in Germany and composed church music
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Hildegard of Bingen
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separates Britain and Ireland from the rest of Europe
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english channel
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A plague that swept across Europe and Asia and killed millions of people
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Black Death
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people from Scandinavia who raided villages in Europe
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Vikings
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mountains and rivers shaped European culture by:
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separating people
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In medieval Europe, when rulers divide territory among their sons, the division usually _______ their rule
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weakened
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Limited the emperor's power
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The Concordat of Worms
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_____ and _____ allowed trade to resume in Europe by 1100
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surplus of goods, safer travel
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Northern ____________ accepted Christianity first
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England
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The estates-general was France's first ________
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parliament
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The inquisition was a church court that tried __________
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heretics
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The Hundred Years' War was a war between ______ _____________ ______________.
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England and France
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100,000 knights, priests, and other people went to Jerousalem to sieze it from the Muslims
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The First Crusade
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This king Established the Jury System
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Henry II
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The man who sent missionaries to convert people to catholicism
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Gregory the Great
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A young French peasant who led soldiers in the 100 year war
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Joan of Arc
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a code for knights good behavior
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The Code of Chivalry
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Separates Italy from the rest of Europe
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Alps
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What did Charlemagne believe in and what made hims successful?
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Education and the way he treated people
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Most peasants who lived during the Middle ages were __________--
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serfs
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There were _____ towns in Medieval times and those that existed were very _______ by our standards. Most people in Medieval England were village peasants but ________ centres did attract people and many developed into towns or cities.
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few, small, religious
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Effect of Crusades on Europe
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Broke down Feudalism, created towns
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________ cathedrals description: A style featuring pointed arches and vaults in windows or doors, steeply pitched gables, and balanced thrusts in stone masonry
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Gothic
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how many people died from the plague?
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75 million
