question

What was the objective of the women's suffrage movement?

answer

the right to vote

question

The Fourteenth Amendment attempted to guarantee which of the following to former slaves?

answer

citizenship rights

question

The provision of the Fourteenth Amendment that prohibits any state from denying any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws" is known as the __________ clause.

answer

equal protection

question

The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of __________.

answer

race

question

The Thirteenth Amendment bans slavery. When was it passed?

answer

immediately after the Civil War

question

When did women win the guaranteed right to vote?

answer

decades after black males won the right to vote

question

The civil rights movement pushed for racial equality. When did this movement begin?

answer

in the 1950s

question

What was the primary focus at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention for activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott?

answer

women's rights

question

In Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez (1978), the Supreme Court did which of the following?

answer

strengthened the tribal power of individual tribe members and furthered Indian self-government

question

What was Reconstruction?

answer

the period after the Civil War when the South was occupied by the federal government

question

The Tailhook Association's 1991 convention became notorious for __________.

answer

sexual harassment

question

Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________.

answer

the Nineteenth Amendment

question

Who had to pay poll taxes?

answer

voters

question

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court determined that __________ were unconstitutional.

answer

racial quotas

question

What did Jim Crow laws mandate?

answer

racial segregation

question

Rosa Parks was arrested for challenging which of the following?

answer

segregation laws

question

What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education?

answer

segregation of schools

question

Which of the following accommodations would an employer most likely have to make to be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act?

answer

installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair

question

Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban? Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?

answer

discrimination in public accommodations

question

During the ten years after the Civil War, the strict conditions imposed by Congress on the former Confederate states about who could be seated as representatives and senators allowed which of the following to happen?

answer

Many African American men held state and federal offices.

question

What was the basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

answer

The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.

question

In Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Supreme Court declared that African-Americans were __________.

answer

chattel

question

The freedom riders used civil disobedience to help end which form of discrimination in the South?

answer

racial segregation

question

What provision of the Fourteenth Amendment serves as a cornerstone of our understanding of civil rights?

answer

the equal protection clause

question

What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. United States (1944) regarding the internment of those with Japanese ancestry living in the United States?

answer

It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan.

question

Why do two equally important basic principles of democracy, individual liberty and equality, sometimes conflict with each other?

answer

Equality tends to favor majority rule, which can conflict with individual liberties.

question

What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) use most effectively to advance civil rights for African Americans?

answer

litigation

question

In the South after Reconstruction, what did the Democratic Party use to prevent African Americans from having a meaningful impact on the outcome of elections?

answer

whites-only primaries

question

What is the source of de facto segregation and discrimination?

answer

practice

question

The Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas (2003) primarily enhanced the civil liberties of __________.

answer

gays and lesbians

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy?

answer

It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation.

question

Which of the following was a common critique given by opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment?

answer

It was a threat to the American family.

question

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is most likely to fight to reduce which of the following?

answer

racism

question

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following?

answer

Jim Crow laws

question

In Adarand Constructors v. Pena, the Supreme Court determined the standard by which affirmative action policies should be evaluated. What standard did they use?

answer

Affirmative action policies must be scrutinized using the same suspect standard that is used for other policies classifying people by race.

question

According to Figure 5.2, in which of the following states are minorities most underrepresented?

answer

Maine

question

In the 1857 Scott v. Sandford decision, an important milestone on the road to Civil War, the Supreme Court held which of the followin

answer

A black man, whether slave or free, had no rights, and Congress had no power to ban slavery in western territories.

question

The history of which of the following groups demonstrates that politically and socially powerful minorities can suppress majorities as well as other minorities?

answer

women

question

If a group of people were systematically discriminated against in the past, which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome the legacy of discrimination?

answer

a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group

question

Under the Civil Rights Cases (1883) ruling in which the Supreme Court voided a law barring African Americans from serving on juries, in which of the following situations would racial discrimination also have been illegal?

answer

the refusal to let an African American man run for public office

question

Which of the following affirmative action programs would be a clear violation of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)?

answer

setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students

question

For which of the following would the Supreme Court most likely apply an "intermediate scrutiny" standard of review to determine whether the policy is an unconstitutional violation of the equal protection clause?

answer

having different minimum ages for men and women to marry

question

Of the following people, who could serve in the military under the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy?

answer

closeted gays and lesbians

question

Which of the following is an example of de jure segregation?

answer

Jim Crow laws

question

Which of the following laws would be the most likely to be reviewed under the "intermediate scrutiny" standard by the Supreme Court when determining its constitutionality?

answer

Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.

question

Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX?

answer

a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women

question

If you thought you were getting an inferior public education because of your ethnicity, which part of the Constitution would you rely on most heavily to justify your case?

answer

the Fourteenth Amendment

question

Based on the Supreme Court's decision in Reed v. Reed, which of the following laws would most likely be overturned?

answer

Men can vote at seventeen years of age; women cannot vote until eighteen.

question

What is the definition of suffrage?

answer

the legal right to vote

question

How has the Equal Rights Amendment affected women's civil rights?

answer

It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

question

Why was bussing necessary for integrating some public schools?

answer

De facto segregation existed even after Brown v. Board of Education.

question

What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in the two cases involving the University of Michigan, Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)?

answer

Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.

question

Why did southern states enact poll taxes?

answer

to get around the Fifteenth Amendment

question

Why did Congress pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

answer

because it was clear that the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment

question

What rationale did the Supreme Court rely on in deciding that Jim Crow laws were not unconstitutional?

answer

Segregation in public facilities was not unconstitutional as long as the separate facilities were substantially equal

question

How might the Supreme Court decisions about Japanese internment in Korematsu v. United States (1944) and segregated railroad facilities in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) be viewed as being similar?

answer

Both decisions were troubling missed opportunities for the Supreme Court to protect civil rights.

question

How are the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 similar?

answer

They both sought equal rights for African Americans.

question

In the standards of review used to determine whether a policy is an unconstitutional violation of the equal protection clause, how do the "inherently suspect" and "reasonableness" standards differ?

answer

Under the inherently suspect standard, courts presume the policy is invalid and the burden is on the rule maker to prove the policy serves a compelling public interest, while under the reasonableness standard, courts defer to the rule maker unless the person challenging the policy can prove it is arbitrary rather than reasonable.

question

What was the Supreme Court's justification for overturning the separate-but-equal doctrine?

answer

Segregated schools stigmatize minority children and are inherently unequal.

question

Which of the following arguments would most likely be made by an opponent of affirmative action policies?

answer

Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.

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