question

Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature

answer

caused by inability of the body to cool itself

question

When caring for an infant who was found apneic and cyanotic and was resuscitated by the parent or caregiver, you should

answer

transport the infant to the hospital.

question

The MOST common cause of dehydration in children is

answer

vomiting and diarrhea.

question

When caring for an ill 5-year-old male, you should

answer

avoid separating him from his parents or caregivers when possible.

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Pale skin in a child indicates that the

answer

blood vessels near the skin are constricted.

question

A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is called a

answer

shunt

question

Which of the following statements regarding a decreased level of consciousness in the elderly patient is correct?

answer

A decresed level of consciousness is not a normal part of the aging process

question

Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) meningitis b) severe infection c) hyperglycemia d) child abuse

answer

hyperglycemia

question

Which of the following factors is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis?

answer

Female gender

question

Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth

answer

secretions can build up in and around the tube

question

Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because

answer

their bones bend more easily than an adult's.

question

Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of

answer

bleeding in the brain

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Which of the following should make you MOST suspicious for child abuse? a) Willingness of the child to speak b) Worried or crying parents c) A laceration to the child's chin d) Bruises in various stages of healing

answer

d) Bruises in various stages of healing

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Children with Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) would MOST likely present with

answer

cherry-red spots or a purplish rash

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When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that

answer

they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure

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The first month of life after birth is MOST appropriately referred to as the

answer

neonatal period

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An infant's fontanels should close completely by the time he or she is

answer

18 months old

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When caring for a child with suspected meningitis, it is MOST important for the EMT-B to

answer

adhere to BSI precautions

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When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen

answer

he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults.

question

A child may begin to show signs of stranger anxiety as early as

answer

12 months

question

Common complications associated with central intravenous (IV) lines include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) clotting of the line b) rupture of a central vein c) bleeding around the line d) a local infection

answer

b) rupture of a central vein

question

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? A.mother younger than 20 years B.mother smoked during pregnancy C.low birth weight D.putting a baby to sleep on his or her back

answer

D.putting a baby to sleep on his or her back

question

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

answer

Administrating blow by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother

question

Bruising to the _______ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse.

answer

Shins

question

With regard to the legal implications of child abuse

answer

EMT-Bs must report all suspected cases of child abuse

question

Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is MOST correct? a) Children are less likely than adults to be struck by a car b) Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries c) The child's head is less frequently injured than an adult's d) Inexperience and poor judgment are rare causes of pediatric trauma

answer

b) Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries.

question

The primary mechanism that a child's body uses to compensate for decreased perfusion is

answer

an increase in heart rate

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Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler

answer

at the hands or feet

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Which of the following statements regarding use of the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) in children is MOST correct?

answer

They are rarely used in treating children with traumatic shock.

question

During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS

answer

allow the family to observe if they wish

question

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) scalding water in a bathtub b) entrapment in a structural fire c) exposure to caustic chemicals d) hot items on a stovetop

answer

b) entrapment in a structural fire

question

Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:

answer

6 years

question

Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with

answer

alcohol

question

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the ventilator is malfunctioning. You should

answer

discontinue the ventilator and ventilate with a BVM device

question

Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between

answer

6 months and 6 years of age.

question

The EMT-B should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and

answer

a rash

question

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence? a) Why did your child ingest the poison? b) What time did the ingestion occur? c) Do you know what substance was ingested? d) Have you noticed any signs or symptoms?

answer

a) Why did your child ingest the poison?

question

When a child experiences a blunt chest injury

answer

the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking

question

Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the

answer

intercostal muscles are not well developed.

question

Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is MOST correct? a) The preschool age begins after the child turns 2 years old b) They realize that injuries are not a form of punishment c) They can usually identify painful areas when questioned d) Preschoolers are usually not fearful of pain or separation

answer

c) They can usually identify painful areas when questioned.

question

Critical burns in children include

answer

partial-thickness burns covering greater than 20% of the body surface

question

When assessing an 8-year old child, you should

answer

talk to the child, not just the caregiver

question

Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct? (Needs options)

answer

Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults

question

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is MOST correct? a) SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection b) Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months of age c) The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy d) Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable

answer

b) Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months of age.

question

When a child is struck by a car, the area of the greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the

answer

size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact

question

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) headache and fever b) an altered mental status c) a stiff or painful neck d) sunken fontanels

answer

d) sunken fontanels

question

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT

answer

hyperglycemia

question

Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury? a) Loss of consciousness b) Seizures and hypoxia c) Nausea and vomiting d) Spinal cord injury

answer

c) Nausea and vomiting

question

The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ____ breaths per minute.

answer

60

question

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: A.wheezing B.stridorous breathing C.a cough that resembles the bark of a seal D.a weak cough

answer

A.wheezing

question

After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:

answer

perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs.

question

Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she:

answer

has a history suggestive of a serious illness

question

Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include:

answer

positioning, ice packs, and emotional support.

question

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: A.infection B.electrolyte imbalances C.hyperglycemia D.poisonings or ingestion

answer

C.hyperglycemia

question

A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as:

answer

6 months

question

An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious, but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should:

answer

be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital.

question

After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:

answer

2 seconds

question

Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an unconscious infant or child, you must:

answer

ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions.

question

Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of:

answer

respiratory or circulatory failure.

question

Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are:

answer

proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly.

question

Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called:

answer

retracting

question

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

cyanosis.

question

Febrile seizures in a child:

answer

may indicate a serious underlying illness.

question

If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may:

answer

stimulate the vagus nerve

question

when assessing the heart rate of a 6 month old infant. you should palpate the brachial pulse or _____ pulse.

answer

femoral

question

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

answer

absent urine output

question

In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by:

answer

generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase

question

Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is:

answer

older than 8 to 10 years

question

A common cause of shock in an infant is:

answer

dehydration from vomiting diarrhea

question

Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask?

answer

an unresponsive 5 year old male with shallow respirations

question

When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should:

answer

palpate the abdomen for rise and fall

question

Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if:

answer

his or her tidal volume is adequate

question

Which of the following statement regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct?

answer

children have larger, rounder occiput compared to adults

question

The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children:

answer

vary widely,depending on the child's age and weight

question

Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct?

answer

If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head

question

The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by__ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by__ months of age

answer

18, 6

question

Which of the following statement regarding a 3 month old infant is correct?

answer

A 3 month old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger

question

A 6 year old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. the child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:

answer

encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport

question

You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars, he is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. You should:

answer

stabilize his head and check for a pulse

question

Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than___years.

answer

3

question

When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag mask device, the EMT should:

answer

block the pop off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise

question

The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to:

answer

use a length based resuscitation tape measure

question

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should:

answer

have a female EMT remain with her if possible

question

A 4 year old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and had skin burns around her mouth. You should:

answer

monitor her airway and give oxygen

question

A 2 year old female has experienced a seizure. when you arrive at the scene, that child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

answer

attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport

question

You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should:

answer

assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center.

question

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18 month old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

answer

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

question

To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to:

answer

place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders

question

Infection should be a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:

answer

drooling or congestion

question

The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is:

answer

bradycardia

question

An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by

answer

grunting

question

Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT

answer

Slowed level of activity

question

Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should

answer

place him or her on a firm surface

question

A 6 month old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect

answer

moderate dehydration

question

The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag mask ventilations is to:

answer

observe the chest for adequate rise

question

All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: A.quiet breathing B.belly breathing C.fear or anxiety D.head bobbing

answer

D.head bobbing

question

Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient?

answer

sexual activity

question

When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be MOST appropriate to

answer

place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup

question

After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should

answer

not rule out compensated shock

question

When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should

answer

secure the torso before the head

question

If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than __lb.

answer

40

question

An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum based product because it may

answer

cause the child to vomit

Chapter 32-Pediatric Emergencies – Flashcards

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