question

Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has exactly as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

answer

TRUE

question

Apoptosis is programmed cell suicide, but cancer cells fail to undergo apoptosis.

answer

TRUE

question

Final preparation for cell division is made during the cell life cycle subphase called G2.

answer

TRUE

question

Chromatin consists of DNA and RNA.

answer

FALSE

question

In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute concentration.

answer

FALSE

question

A process by which large particles may be taken into the cell for food, protection of the body, or for disposing of old or dead cells is called phagocytosis.

answer

TRUE

question

Diffusion is always from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.

answer

TRUE

question

Facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein.

answer

FALSE

question

DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication.

answer

FALSE

question

The glycocalyx is often referred to as the "cell coat," which is somewhat fuzzy and sticky with numerous cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cell membrane.

answer

FALSE

question

Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein myosin.

answer

FALSE

question

Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.

answer

TRUE

question

The cell (plasma) membrane normally contains substantial amounts of cholesterol.

answer

TRUE

question

Aquaporins are believed to be present in red blood cells and kidney tubules, but very few other cells in the body.

answer

FALSE

question

Most organelles are bounded by a membrane that is quite different in structure from the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.

answer

FALSE

question

Only one cell type in the human body has a flagellum.

answer

TRUE

question

Microtubules are hollow tubes made of subunits of the protein tubulin.

answer

TRUE

question

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" site for protein formation is ________. A) rRNA B) mRNA C) tRNA D) ssRNA

answer

C) tRNA

question

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________. A) shrink B) swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached C) neither shrink nor swell D) swell and burst

answer

D) swell and burst

question

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane? A) a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell B) a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma C) the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell D) a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae

answer

C) the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

question

Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane? A) It is selectively permeable. B) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell. C) It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition. D) It encloses the cell contents.

answer

B) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell.

question

Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells? A) stereocilia B) microvilli C) cilia D) flagella

answer

B) microvilli

question

Which of the following statements is correct regarding diffusion? A) The rate of diffusion is independent of temperature. B) The greater the concentration of gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion. C) Molecular weight of a substance does not affect the rate of diffusion. D) The lower the temperature, the faster the diffusion rate.

answer

B) The greater the concentration of gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.

question

Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except ________. A) gap junctions B) desmosomes C) peroxisomes D) tight junctions

answer

C) peroxisomes

question

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen? A) The cells will swell and ultimately burst. B) The cells will lose water and shrink. C) The cells will shrink at first, but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution and return to their original condition. D) The cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent.

answer

B) The cells will lose water and shrink.

question

Which of the following is not a subcellular structure? A) intercellular material B) membranes C) cytoplasm D) organelles

answer

A) intercellular material

question

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein? A) circulating antibody B) molecular transport through the membrane C) forms a lipid bilayer D) oxygen transport

answer

B) molecular transport through the membrane

question

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA? A) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis. B) If the base sequence of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template will be UCCAGU. C) There is exactly one specific type of mRNA for each amino acid. D) rRNA is always attached to the rough ER.

answer

A) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.

question

Which of the following would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane? A) glycolipids B) messenger RNA C) glycoproteins D) phospholipids

answer

B) messenger RNA

question

Mitosis ________. A) is the formation of sex cells B) produces nucleus replication C) creates diversity in genetic potential D) always results in division of a cell

answer

B) produces nucleus replication

question

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a ________. A) centrosome B) centriole C) chromosome D) ribosome

answer

B) centriole

question

Which of the following is not a factor that binds cells together? A) glycoproteins in the glycocalyx B) glycolipids in the glycocalyx C) wavy contours of the membranes of adjacent cells D) special membrane junctions

answer

B) glycolipids in the glycocalyx

question

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA? A) TGCAA B) ACGTT C) UGCAA D) GUACC

answer

C) UGCAA

question

Passive membrane transport processes include ________. A) movement of a substance down its concentration gradient B) movement of water from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration C) consumption of ATP D) the use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration

answer

A) movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

question

Enzymes called _________ destroy the cell's DNA and cytoskeleton, producing a quick death of the cell. A) ubiquitins B) cyclins C) caspases D) DNA polymerase III

answer

C) caspases

question

Mitochondria ________. A) are always the same shape B) are single-membrane structures involved in the breakdown of ATP C) contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function D) synthesize proteins for use outside the cell

answer

C) contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function

question

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never for use by the cell. This statement is ________. A) false; proteins thus manufactured are for use inside the cell only B) false; integral cell membrane proteins are also synthesized this way C) false; lipids, not proteins, are synthesized this way D) true

answer

B) false; integral cell membrane proteins are also synthesized this way

question

Peroxisomes ________. A) are also called microbodies, and contain acid hydrolases B) are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action C) function to digest particles ingested by endocytosis D) sometimes function as secretory vesicles

answer

B) are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action

question

DNA replication ________. A) can also be called mitosis B) is spontaneous, not requiring enzyme action C) takes place during interphase of the cell cycle D) occurs only in translationally active areas

answer

C) takes place during interphase of the cell cycle

question

Which statement is the most correct regarding transcription/translation? A) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it. B) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine. C) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it. D) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

answer

D) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

question

Which of the following is a concept of the cell theory? A) Simple cells can arise spontaneously from rotting vegetation. B) A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. C) The subcellular organelle is the basic unit of life. D) Only higher organisms are composed of cells.

answer

B) A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

question

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure? A) Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules. B) Phospholipids consist of a polar head and a nonpolar tail made of three fatty acid chains. C) The lipid bilayer is a solid at body temperature, thus protecting the cell. D) All proteins associated with the cell membrane are contained in a fluid layer on the outside of the cell.

answer

A) Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.

question

The main component of the cytosol is ________. A) proteins B) sugars C) salts D) water

answer

D) water

question

Lysosomes ________. A) are always used for the cell to "commit suicide" B) contain acid hydrolases that are potentially dangerous to the cell C) maintain a highly alkaline internal environment D) are the major site of protein synthesis

answer

B) contain acid hydrolases that are potentially dangerous to the cell

question

The endomembrane system is ________. A) a system by which cells are riveted together by desmosomes B) an interactive system of organelles whose membranes are physically or functionally connected C) the process by which bacteria took up residence in ancient cells D) a system of hydrophilic lipid monolayers that surround many cell organelles

answer

B) an interactive system of organelles whose membranes are physically or functionally connected

question

The functions of centrioles include ________. A) organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division B) providing a whiplike beating motion to move substances along cell surfaces C) serving as the site for ribosomal RNA synthesis D) producing ATP

answer

A) organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division

question

A gene can best be defined as ________. A) a three-base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid B) noncoding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides long C) a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain D) an RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide

answer

C) a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

question

Extracellular matrix is ________. A) composed of strands of actin protein B) the most abundant extracellular material C) a type of impermeable cell junction found in epithelia D) not present in connective tissue

answer

B) the most abundant extracellular material

question

Crenation is likely to occur in blood cells in ________. A) an isotonic solution B) a hypotonic solution C) a hypertonic solution D) blood plasma

answer

C) a hypertonic solution

question

Some hormones enter cells via ________. A) exocytosis B) endocytosis C) pinocytosis D) receptor-mediated endocytosis

answer

D) receptor-mediated endocytosis

question

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ________ mRNA codon. A) AUG B) UCG C) TCG D) UGA

answer

B) UCG

question

The RNA that has an anticodon and attaches to a specific amino acid is ________ RNA.

answer

transfer

question

Water may move through membrane pores constructed by transmembrane proteins called ________.

answer

aquaporins

question

________ is the division of the cytoplasmic mass into two parts.

answer

Cytokinesis

question

The metabolic or growth phase of a cell life cycle is called ________.

answer

interphase

question

In order for the DNA molecule to get "short and fat" to become a chromosome, it must first wrap around small molecules called ________.

answer

histones

question

________ are hollow tubes made of spherical protein subunits called tubulins.

answer

Microtubules

question

Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the ________.

answer

mitochondria

question

The most common extracellular ion is ________.

answer

sodium

question

The process of discharging particles from inside a cell to the outside is called ________.

answer

exocytosis

question

A red blood cell would swell if its surrounding solution were ________.

answer

hypotonic

Chapter 3: The Living Units – Flashcards

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