Chapter 22 AP World Questions – Flashcards
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How did industrialization change China's relationship with the west?
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Humiliated and weakened China
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Among the new inventions developed to weave cotton textile were
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The Jenny, the Water Frame, and The Mule
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One profound effect that industrialization had on the world was that
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West succeeds and dominates at expense of other countries
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Which if the following was not one of the ways in which workers resisted harsh treatment?
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Assassinate factory owners
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The most revolutionary invention of the industrial revolution was James Watt's
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Steam engine
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The most obvious change in rural life during the industrial revolution was
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New transportation systems (rail roads, canals, quality roads)
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With industrialization, the role of middle-class women became management of the home, children, and servants. This was known as
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Cult of domesticity
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New forms of energy were important for industrialization, such as
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Steam power and electricity
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Friedrich List, the German economist, argued that
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To protect industries, Germans had to erect high tariff barriers against British imports
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A significant contribution to the mass manufacturer of cheap metal items was the development of
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Interchangeable parts (first-Eli Whitney w/ guns)
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Charles Fourier and other opponents of capitalism advocated
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Utopian socialism
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"Division of labor" in manufacturing means
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Breaking down the process into many simple repetitive tasks
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The early industrial revolutions real beneficiaries were the
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Middle class
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Urbanization had the greatest impact on
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Rural and poor people
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Single women and married women both did factory work but for different reasons:
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Women with children found work from home and married women took factory jobs when husband unable
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The agricultural revolution was a change in farming methods and crops that resulted in
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Population growth
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Iron production was transformed by Abraham Darby's discovery that
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Coke could be used instead of charcoal
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Thomas Malthus's explanation of workers' misfortunes was that
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It would always be the case
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England began importing raw cotton
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Because people began inventing derives to make their own cotton cloth
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Women typically earned
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1/3 to 1/2 of what men earned
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Why did Britain discourage the efforts of Egypt to industrialize?
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They did not want a powerful country threatening to interrupt the flow of travelers
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In the United States, many factory owners opened their factories with a commitment to decent wages and housing
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started with better working conditions, but lengthened work day and lowered wages
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As a result of industrialization, the relationship between Western Europe and the non-western world
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Poor, non-westerners got worse
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Industrial work had an enormous effect on the family because
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Women who could not afford servants always worked, husbands and wives worked in different places, children in factories and mines
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The factory act of 1833
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Prohibited employment of children under the age of 9, & ages 9-13 could only work 8 hour days
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In The wealth of nations, adman smith proposes that the government should
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Refrain from interfering in business except to protect private property and duty free trade with foreign countries
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In rural areas manufacture was carried out through cottage industries, where
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People made products in separate homes
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Britain's main strategy to eliminate competition in trade was to
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Flood markets with cheap goods
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What new crop contributed to the agricultural revolution?
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Potato
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What invention revolutionized communication during the industrial revolution?
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Telegraph
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The United States was the first country to create commercially visible steamships. This was because
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"North river" up the Hudson River, soon on Mississippi, Erie Canal, Great Lakes
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In continental Europe, industries such as iron, construction, and machinery were greatly stimulated by
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Abundant coal and iron deposits- railroad industry
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Factory work represented a radical difference from traditional rural work because
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Husbands and wives were separated in family housing
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The cotton boom enriched planters as well as manufacturers and
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Merchants/African Americans paid for it with freedom - increased need for slaves
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Why was industrialization of continental Europe more difficult than in Britain?
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Economies hampered by high transportation cost, misguided government regulation and rigid social structures -wars (less aware)
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To address the misery of the poor, French socialists proposed that workers form communities under the protection of business leaders; their views were known as
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Positivism
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"Business cycles" means that
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Factory owners paid workers livelihood up and down based on supply and demand
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Which if the following was not true of poor urban neighborhoods?
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Did grow too fast and did live in cheap row houses
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When child labor laws began to pass in England
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They had to start employing immigrants
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Which of the following is not one of the factors that gave Britain a head start on the industrial revolution?
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Did have more fluid society, good water transport, highly commercial
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Britain's manufacturing depended on the importation of raw goods from its colonies (as well as enforced trade). Which of the following was not an area of colonization for Britain?
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Japan
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Enclosure was
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Rich landowners gaining control of land which led to tenants and share croppers
