Chapter 2 – Studying Geography, Economics, and Citizenship – Flashcards
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Hemisphere
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A "half-sphere" used to refer to one-half of the globe when divided into north, south, east, and west.
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Latitude
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Imaginary lines that circle the Earth parallel to the Equator.
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Longitude
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Imaginary lines that circle the Earth from pole to pole, measuring distance east to west.
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Physical map
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A map that shows land and water features.
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Political map
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A map that shows the names and borders of countries.
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Special purpose map
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A map that shows themes or patterns such as climate, natural resources, or population.
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Scale
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A measuring line that shows distance on the map.
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Cardinal directions
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North, south, east, and west.
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Choropleth
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A special purpose map that uses color to show population density.
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Culture
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The set of beliefs, behaviors, and traits shared by a group of people.
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Migration
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The movement of people from one place to settle in another place.
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Projection
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A way of showing the round Earth on a flat map.
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Entrepreneurship
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The act of running a business and taking on the risks of that business.
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Supply
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The amount of a good or service that a producer wants to sell.
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Demand
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The amount of something that a consumer wants to buy.
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Scarcity
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The lack of a resource.
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Opportunity cost
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What is given up, such as time or money, to make or buy something.
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Traditional economy
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An economic system in which custom decides what people do, make, buy, and sell.
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Command economy
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An economic system in which a central government decides what goods will be made and who will receive them.
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Recession
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A period of slow economic growth, or decline.
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Inflation
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A continued rise in prices or the supply of money.
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Exports
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A good sent from one country to another in trade.
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Imports
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A good brought into a country from another country.
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Barter
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To trade by exchanging one good or service for another.
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Globalization
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The growth in free trade between countries.
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Representative government
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Government in which citizens elect officials who govern.
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Federal system
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Government which divides power between central and state governments.
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Separation of powers
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The division of power among the branches of government.
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Legislative
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Part of the government that passes laws.
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Executive
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Part of the governments that enforces laws.
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Judicial
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Part of the government that interprets the laws.
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Capital
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Money and goods used to help people make or do things.
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Checks and balances
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System in which each branch of government limits the power of another branch.
