Chapter 19 Apush Terms Answers – Flashcards
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What resulted from President Garfield's assassination. It established a non-partisan Civil Service Commission authorized to fill federal jobs by examination, ending the then-poisonous spoils system.
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Pendleton Act of 1883 (Political)
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In 1883, the new president, Chester A. Arthur signed the Pendleton Act which created this. This is a system that includes the most government jobs, except elected positions, the judiciary, and the military. The aim of this was to fill jobs on the basis of value. Jobs went to those with the highest scores of examinations.
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Civil Service Commission (Political)
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James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur (republicans). Winfield Scott (democrats). Garfield won election, but was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau
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Election of 1880 (Political)
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Republicans nominated Blaine as president but suspicions about his honesty led the Mugwumps to campaign for Democratic nominee Grover Cleveland (honest, frugal, mayor of Buffalo, later governor of NY, fathered an illegitimate child which raised questions)
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Election of 1884 (Political)
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Benjamin Harrison is elected as a result of money from big business ad veterans votes. Supported the increase in tarrifs and pensions, and resulted in the economy going into a depression by 1880
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Election of 1888 (Political)
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The application of Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies-particularly as justification for imperialist expansion.
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Social Darwinism (Cultural)
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The creation of major corporations as "people". The corporations were guaranteed certain rights and liberties by the Constitution like those given to citizens.
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Significance of 14th Amendment (Diplomatic)
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Regulation that prohibited certain private activities people considered immoral, such as drinking alcohol or working on Sundays
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Blue Laws (Cultural)
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The name given to the Democrats by a Republican clergyman during the Election of 1884. It suggested that the Democrats were mere brutes and, insulting Catholic voters, may have lost the election for Blaine.
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Significance of "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion" (Cultural)
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This was a lecture written by Russell Conwell that advocated Social Darwinism. It justified the rich being rich and the poor being poor and it told people not to help the poor since it was their fault, thus promoting a laissez faire ideal.
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Acres of Diamonds (Cultural)
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rararar repeat
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Social Darwinism
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Republican reformers who were accused of backing reform simply to create openings for their own supporters.
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Halfbreeds (Political)
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Republicans fighting for civil service reform during Garfield's term; they supported Cleveland.
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Stalwarts (Political)
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The Republican candidate against Cleveland in the election of 1888. Although faced with growing party loyalty on both sides, Harrison, although garnering less popular votes, won the election.
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Benjamin Harrison (Political)
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The Democratic candidate against Harrison in the election of 1888. Although he lost the election, he was the only president to have left office only to return four years later.
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Grover Cleveland (Political)
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A derisive bit of contemporary slang, supposedly of Indian origin, referring to pompous or self-important persons. Defining the terms of political debate, they were very adept at molding public opinion.
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Mugwumps (Political)
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The leader of the WCTU who fought for women's suffrage not for "rights", but to link the vote to women's concerns as wives and mothers.
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Frances Willard (Political)
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A vehicle uniquely suited for converting womanly virtue into political power. After adopting the "Do-Everything" program, it blossomed into the leading women's organization in the county.
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Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) (Cultural)
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A policy adopted by Willard for the WCTU. It asserted a wide away of issues, including labor conditions, prostitution, public health, and international peace, which introduced sheltered women to the ills of the world.
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"Do Everything" policy (Political)
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They briefly gained power in Virginia over the issue of Reconstruction debt: They opposed repayment to bond-holding speculators that would have left the state destitute. After subsiding briefly, this agrarian discontent revived mightily in the late 1880s, as tenant farmers joined farmers' alliances and helped create the Populist Party.
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"Readjusters" (Political)
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A political structure created by black farmers that, although very closed, gave black voters a voice at the table with white Populists. The fusion and separation of the Populists gave way for a need to become allies with black leaders and to appeal directly to black voters.
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Colored Farmers' Alliance (Political)
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A cover under which Hispanics and Asians were segregated against in the Southwest. It related back to the "separate but equal" doctrine, which in fact intended to underscore the inferiority of blacks.
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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) (Political)
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New movements of farmers' alliances in rural districts. They were composed of "traveling lecturers" who extolled the virtues of cooperative activity among farmers.
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Farmers' Alliance of the Northwest and the National (or Southern) Farmers' Alliance (Political)
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Farm-based movement of the late 1800s that arose mainly in the area from Texas to the Dakotas and grew into a joint effort between farmer and labor groups against big business and machine-based politics. The movement became a third party in the election of 1892.
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Populism (Political)
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A victory for the pro-silver coalition which required the U.S. Treasury to purchase and coin between $2 million and $4 million worth of silver each month.
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Bland-Allison Act of 1878 (Political)
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Coxey's Army was a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by the populist Jacob Coxey. They marched on Washington D.C. in 1894, the second year of a four-year economic depression that was the worst in United States history to that time.
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Coxey's army (Political)
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Another victory for the pro-silver coalition in which 4.5 million ounces of silver bullion was to be purchased monthly, to serve as the basis for new issues of U.S. Treasury notes.
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Sherman Silver Purchase Act (Economic)
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An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Deomcratic Convention, in which he attacked the "gold bugs" who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold.
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"Cross of Gold" speech (Political)
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The leader of the triumphant silver Democrats was William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska. Bryan was a political phenomenon. Only thirty-six years old, he had already served two terms in Congress and had become a passionate advocate of free silver. Bryan, remarked the journalist Frederic Howe, was "pre-eminently an evangelist," whose zeal sprang from "the Western self-righteous missionary mind."
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William Jennings Bryan (Political)
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Who enforced the Blue Laws? Why was populism so popular?
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