Question 1

Who of the following represented the American notion that through hard work, even a poor immigrant could become tremendously successful?

Accepted Answer

Andrew Carnegie

Question 2

Why was the strike by steelworkers at Homestead, Pennsylvania, significant?

Accepted Answer

The lockout represented Carnegie\'s effort to break the plant\'s union.

Question 3

Which of the following resulted from industrialization in the decades after the Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A higher standard of living

Question 4

Which of the following arguments did Andrew Carnegie make in his famous 1889 essay \"Wealth\" (later called \"The Gospel of Wealth\")?

Accepted Answer

Though industrialization increased the gap between rich and poor, everyone\'s standard of living rose.

Question 5

After the Civil War, Republican economic policies led to

Accepted Answer

The dominance of large corporations.

Question 6

As American industry expanded in the late nineteenth century, its energy source shifted from?

Accepted Answer

Water to coal.

Question 7

New corporate managers pioneered which system to track expenses and revenues in the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Cost accounting.

Question 8

Gustavus Swift boosted productivity in his Chicago slaughterhouses in the 1860s by using?

Accepted Answer

Assembly lines.

Question 9

What did Andrew Carnegie, Gustavus Swift, and John D. Rockefeller have in common?

Accepted Answer

They succeeded through vertical integration.

Question 10

Which of the following describes vertically integrated corporations?

Accepted Answer

Such corporations controlled all aspects of their operations\' businesses.

Question 11

Which of the following technological innovations made it possible for Gustavus F. Swift to undercut the prices of local butchers?

Accepted Answer

Refrigerated car

Question 12

Which business strategy did John D. Rockefeller pioneer in the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Horizontal integration

Question 13

The United States had become the leading steel producer in the world by 1900 because of?

Accepted Answer

The Bessemer process

Question 14

How did John D. Rockefeller\'s Standard Oil Corporation come to control 95 percent of the nation\'s oil refining capacity by the 1880s?

Accepted Answer

Through predatory pricing and the creation of the trust

Question 15

What late-nineteenth-century development made it possible for rural Americans to participate in the national consumer culture?

Accepted Answer

Catalogs

Question 16

Which magazine was the first to take advantage of advertising revenue to build mass readership, with over one million subscribers?

Accepted Answer

Ladies\' Home Journal

Question 17

Which of the following statements characterizes the employment of women in the American labor force during the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

More than 75 percent of all stenographers and typists were female.

Question 18

Why was clerical and office work appealing to white working-class women in the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Office work was cleaner and better paid than domestic service or factory work.

Question 19

Which of the following describes the traveling salesmen of the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

They helped build nationwide distribution networks for a multitude of products.

Question 20

Which of the following were skilled workers with a relatively high degree of autonomy in the 1870s?

Accepted Answer

Machinists

Question 21

Which of the following was a consequence of mass production?

Accepted Answer

Skilled workers gradually lost their autonomy.

Question 22

The introduction of mass production in the late-nineteenth-century American economy had which of the following advantages?

Accepted Answer

Mass production increased workers\' output.

Question 23

\"It looks to me like slavery to have a man stand over you with a stop watch.\" This statement by an iron molder refers to?

Accepted Answer

Scientific management

Question 24

The outcome of the implementation of scientific management was?

Accepted Answer

Resistance from workers.

Question 25

Which of the following statements characterizes the economics of working-class family life in late-nineteenth-century America?

Accepted Answer

Due to their dire economic circumstances, working-class families frequently sent their children out to work in mills, factories, or mines.

Question 26

Why did so few African American men hold factory jobs in the United States in 1890?

Accepted Answer

Factory owners found that they could satisfy most of their labor needs with immigrant workers, so they rejected most black applicants.

Question 27

New immigration patterns in the early twentieth century reflected growing emigration from?

Accepted Answer

Southern and Eastern Europe

Question 28

During the late 1800s, an adult male immigrant from which of the following locations would most likely be a skilled worker?

Accepted Answer

Wales.

Question 29

Which of the following statements describes the experiences of the new immigrants who entered the United States between 1880 and 1920?

Accepted Answer

They often planned on working and saving money for a few years before returning home.

Question 30

Why did Chinese immigrants come to the United States in the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

They were motivated by poverty and upheaval in southern China.

Question 31

Which of the following statements describes the Chinese immigrants to the United States in the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

They faced more severe discrimination than European immigrants.

Question 32

The federal government responded to the problem of discrimination against the Chinese in nineteenth-century California by

Accepted Answer

Barring Chinese immigration to the United States in 1882.

Question 33

Which of these factors were the critical determinants of workers\' occupational opportunities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Accepted Answer

Gender and race

Question 34

Which of the following was a nineteenth-century example of a trade union?

Accepted Answer

The American Federation of Labor

Question 35

Why has the labor movement always been relatively weak in American politics?

Accepted Answer

Most industrial workers live in urban areas and cities, which are underrepresented in Congress.

Question 36

The Great Strike of 1877 involved workers in which industry?

Accepted Answer

Railroads

Question 37

What did the Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Homestead Strike of 1892 have in common?

Accepted Answer

Government troops helped put down both strikes

Question 38

Founded in 1867, the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry?

Accepted Answer

sponsored events to improve the social life of farm families.

Question 39

Which of the following policies did the Greenback-Labor Party support in the 1870s?

Accepted Answer

Inflation

Question 40

State Granger laws were designed primarily to?

Accepted Answer

Regulate big business.

Question 41

In terms of membership, the Knights of Labor discriminated?

Accepted Answer

By excluding the Chinese.

Question 42

The Knights of Labor advocated which of the following reforms in their 1878 platform?

Accepted Answer

Workplace safety laws.

Question 43

Why was the Haymarket incident of 1886 significant?

Accepted Answer

The incident led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor.

Question 44

In 1891, the Texas Alliance proposed cooperative enterprise to?

Accepted Answer

Give farmers access to cheap credit

Question 45

The Supreme Court decision to overturn Granger laws in Wabash v. Illinois (1886) led to?

Accepted Answer

The creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

Question 46

What was the purpose of the Hatch Act, passed by Congress and President Grover Cleveland in 1887?

Accepted Answer

To provide federal funding for agricultural research and education

Question 47

Established in 1887, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)?

Accepted Answer

Sued in court to force companies to reduce high rates.

Question 48

Why was the American Federation of Labor more successful than the Knights of Labor in the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The AFL focused on goals such as better wages, hours, and working conditions

Question 49

Collective bargaining

Accepted Answer

Union negotiates with the employer for all the employees.

Question 50

The development of print advertising illustrates the significance of which late-nineteenth-century phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Businesses creating demand for brand names.

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