question

What enabled Europeans to carve out huge empires an ocean away from their homelands during the early modern period?

answer

Europeans were able to take advantage of divisions within and between local Native American societies.

question

What was the Tupac Amaru revolt of 1780-1781?

answer

Native revolt in Peru

question

As part of his reforms, Peter the Great founded this city to be Russia's "window on the West."

answer

Saint Petersburg

question

Which two empires established the border between their states through the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689?

answer

Russian and Chinese empires

question

What was a significant factor that motivated the Europeans to create their American empires?

answer

Political rivalries between European powers motivated rulers to establish rival empires in the Americas.

question

What position did Indians occupy in Spanish colonial societies?

answer

They were abused and exploited as the primary labor force of Spain's colonial empire.

question

What was a yasak in seventeenth-century Siberia?

answer

Tribute paid by conquered people

question

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Qing dynasty?

answer

They were of nomadic origin, hailing from Manchuria.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects European motivations for overseas expansion at the end of the fifteenth century?

answer

A wide variety of factors drove the rapid expansion.

question

Which of the following best describes Britain's initial approach to ruling over its North American settler colonies?

answer

It established joint stock companies and granted royal charters to wealthy individuals.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the fate of native Siberians in the three centuries between 1500 and 1800?

answer

The Russian Empire reflected the final triumph of agrarian civilization over the hunting and pastoral societies of the region.

question

Which empire brought together much of Hindu South Asia under Muslim rule?

answer

Mughal Empire

question

What geographic advantage did Europeans have in their effort to found empires in the Americas?

answer

The fixed winds of the Atlantic blew steadily in the same direction.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects Spain's economic relationship with its American colonies?

answer

Despite Spanish efforts, smuggling allowed Spanish colonists to exchange goods with Spain's rivals, undermining the economic benefits of the colonial empire.

question

Which of the following statements is a true comparison of how Siberian peoples and Native Americans experienced empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

answer

Both Native Americans and Siberian peoples experienced devastating epidemics of new diseases for which they had little immunity.

question

Which of the following distinguished the construction of the Chinese empire between 1680 and 1760, from that of the Western European empires in the Americas?

answer

Qing officials sharply restricted Chinese settlers from many regions.

question

What was a significant factor that motivated Europeans to create their American empires?

answer

Impoverished nobles and commoners found opportunity for gaining wealth and status in the Americas.

question

Which colony produced as many as forty separate groups to indicate different racial mixtures?

answer

Brazil

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the process that built the Russian Empire?

answer

It was an extended process that took three centuries.

question

Which of the following statements is true of the Christian communities that the Ottomans conquered?

answer

In many regions of the Balkans, Christians welcomed Ottoman conquest because taxes were lighter than under Christian rule.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of the "great dying" on Native Americans in North America?

answer

It was equally devastating, leading to a similar collapse in the population.

question

What are creoles?

answer

What are creoles?

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Russian settlers on Siberian societies?

answer

They came in such large numbers that they overwhelmed native populations, giving the region a Russian character.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the impact on Turkish women of the creation of the Ottoman Empire?

answer

Women retained some of the social power that they had enjoyed in pastoral societies.

question

Which of the following statements most accurately describes Europe's global position in 1450?

answer

Europe remained marginal in Eurasian commerce.

question

For the mercantilist rulers of Europe, what did American colonies represent?

answer

Closed markets for manufactured goods

question

Which of the following became part of the Russian Empire in the early modern period?

answer

Siberia

question

Which Mughal emperor tried to impose Islamic supremacy in the Mughal Empire?

answer

Aurangzeb

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the long-term benefits of the Atlantic network?

answer

It propelled Europe into an increasingly central and commanding role on the world stage.

question

Which of the following can be characterized as a "sugar colony"?

answer

Brazil

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Russian settlers on Siberia?

answer

They Russified the region, with many native populations adopting the Russian language and converting to Christianity.

question

Which of the following was a policy instituted by the Mughal emperor Akbar concerning Hindu women?

answer

He persuaded merchants to set aside special market days for women to moderate their seclusion in the home.

question

How did Governor Bradford of the Plymouth colony react to the massive die-off of Native Americans during the seventeenth century?

answer

He saw it as the hand of God at work.

question

Which of the following statements best describes Spanish conquerors' relations with native women in the Americas?

answer

Many Spaniards married elite native women.

question

Why did many Russian migrants choose to settle in Siberia?

answer

They had access to better land.

question

Who was the greatest Mughal emperor who instituted sweeping policies of religious accommodation?

answer

Akbar

question

How did conquistadores who helped to carve out the Spanish Empire in the Americas describe their motivations for doing so?

answer

They went to serve God and the king, and also to get rich.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish settlers as a social group in the lands of the Aztecs and Incas during the seventeenth century?

answer

The group was unbalanced by gender, with few native Spanish women in the Americas.

question

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the slave plantation society in British North America as compared to Brazil?

answer

By the 1860s, nearly all slaves in the United States had been born in the New World.

question

The single most important factor that aided the European conquest of the Americas was

answer

disease.

question

What was a significant factor that motivated the Europeans to create their American empires?

answer

Europe sought direct access to Asian wealth in order to avoid reliance on Muslim intermediaries.

question

Which of the following was a consequence of the introduction of horses to the North American West?

answer

A male-dominated hunting and warrior culture displaced agricultural cultures in many areas.

question

How did children born of unions between Russians and native Siberians fit into society during the early modern era?

answer

They were generally absorbed into the Russian population.

question

What is mercantilism?

answer

It is an economic policy which holds that a country's interests are best served by encouraging exports and accumulating bullion.

question

Which of the following statements best describes societies in the Americas following the Columbian exchange?

answer

Mixing of European, African, and Native American cultures created entirely new societies.

question

In which major region of the Americas were Native Americans spared the impact of Eurasian diseases?

answer

No region was ultimately spared.

question

Which city-state emerged in the fifteenth century from two centuries of Mongol rule to build the Russian Empire?

answer

Moscow

question

What happened to Siberia upon the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991?

answer

It remained an integral part of the Russian state.

question

When did the empire constructed by Russia between 1500 and 1800 finally collapse?

answer

It collapsed in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

question

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of racism in the United States as compared to Brazil?

answer

Any African ancestry, no matter how small or distant, made a person "black" in British North America.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects Russian consensus in the twenty-first century concerning their empire's identity?

answer

Russians even in the twenty-first century have not reached consensus on the empire's identity.

question

Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish colonial economy in the former lands of the Aztecs and the Incas?

answer

The economy was based on the twin pillars of mining and commercial agriculture.

question

What was the term for the children of Portuguese African unions in Brazil?

answer

Mulatto

question

In what way did the pastoral peoples who inhabited the grasslands to the south and east of the emerging Russian state in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries contribute to the growing Russian Empire?

answer

They posed a security threat that encouraged Russia to expand its state into this region to protect its people.

question

Which region of the Americas imported the most slaves from Africa?

answer

Brazil

question

From whom did the Europeans learn about large-scale sugar production?

answer

Arabs

question

Which Russian ruler established religious tolerance for Muslims in the late-eighteenth century and created a state agency to oversee Muslim affairs?

answer

Catherine the Great

question

What was encomienda?

answer

It was a legal system in Spanish America that granted groups of native people to work for settlers.

question

Which of the following colonial regions was most heavily settled by Europeans?

answer

British North America

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