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Clinical Psychology

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An area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat P.D

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Psycotherapy

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A nonmedical process that helps people with P.D recognize and overcome their problems

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Biological Therapies

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Treatmets that reduce or elimate the symptoms of P.D by altering aspects of body function

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Psychiatrists

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Medical doctors who specialize in treating P.D's

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Sociocultural Therapies

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Treatments that acknowledge the relationships roles and cultural contezts that characterize a persons life often bringing them into the therapeutic context

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Evidence-Based Practice

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Integration of the best available research wth cliniccal expertise in the context of client characteristics, culture, and preferences

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Therapeutic Alliance

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The relationship bt the therapist and client - and important element of successful psychotherapy

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Pyschodynamic Therapies

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Treatments that stress the importance of the unconscious mind extensive interpretation of by the therapist and the role of early childhood experiences i the development of a persons problems

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Psychoanalysis

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Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing a persons unconscious thoughts

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Free Assosciation

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A psychoanalytic technique that involves encouraging people to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

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Interpretation

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A psychoanalyst's search for symbolic hidden meanings in what the client says and does during therapy

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Dream Analysis

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A psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a persons dreams

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-Manifest Content

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Refers to the conscious, remembered aspects of the dream ex, wake up remembering in a dream about being in 6th grade and a teacher scolding you

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-Latent Content

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Refers to the unconscious, hidden aspects symbolized by the manifest content.

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Transference

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A clients relating to the psychoanalyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the clients life

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Resistance

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A clients unconscious defense strategies that prevent the person from gaining the insifgt into his or her pyschological problems

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Humanistic therapies

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Treatments that uniquely emphasize peoples self healing capacities and that encourage clients to understand themselves and to grow personally

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Client-Centered Therapy

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form of Humanistic therapy, developed by Rogers in which the therapist provides warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the clients self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into problems

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Reflective Speech

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A technique in which the therapist mirrors the clients own feeling back to the client "You sound angry"

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Humans require 3 essential elements to grow according to roger:

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1. Unconditional Positive Regard

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The therapist constantly rexognizes the inherent value of the client, providing a context for personal growth and self-acceptance

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2. Empathy

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the therapist strives to put himself or herself in the clients shoes - to feel the emotions the client is feeling

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3. Genuineness

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The therapist is a real person in his or her relationship with the client, sharing feelings and not hiding behind a facade

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Behavioral Therapies

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Treatments, based on behavioral and social cognitive theories, which use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior

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Systematic Desensitization

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A behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations -Desensitization: involves exposing someone to a feared situation in real or imagined way

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Cognitive Therapies

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Emphasizing that cognitions (thoughts) are the main source of P.D. Therapies that attempt to change the persons feeling and behaviors by changing cognitions -restructuring: changing pattern of thought

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Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

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A therapy that combines cognitive therapy and behavior therapy with the goal of developing the clients self-efficacy

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-Self Instructed Methods

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Aimed at teaching people to modify their own behavior. Gives client reinforcing self statements: constructive statements

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Integrative Therapy

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Using a combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapists judgement of which particular methods will provide the greatest benefit for the client

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Mary has been working with a therapist because she has felt very confused and unsure about herself for the past few years. Mary's therapist tends to be very nondirective and devotes a great deal of the session to allowing Mary to explore her identity, wants, and dreams for the future. The therapist rarely gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Mary clarify her own ideas and feelings. Mary's therapist is most likely associated with the _____ perspective of psychotherapy.

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Humanistic

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In the context of types of therapy, client-centered therapy follows a _____ approach.

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Nondirective

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Antianxiety Drugs

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Commonly known as tranquilizers, drugs that reduce anxiety by making people calmer and less excitable -Benzodiasepines: fast acting

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Antidepressant Drugs

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Drugs that regulate mood. 4 main classes of these drugs

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1. Tricyclics

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3 ringed molecular structure. Increases level of certain neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and seretonin. Reduces depression in 60-70% of cases. Takes 2 to 4 weeks to improve mood.

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2. Tetracyclic

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4 ring structure. Effects on norepinephrine and seretonin. -MAO inhibitors are thought to work by blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks these down. Not as widely used

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4. Selective seretonin reuptake inhibitors

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SSRI's. Target seretonin ad work mainly by interfering only with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain. Most commonly prescribed. Fewer side effect

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Lithium

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The lightest of the solid elements in the periodic table of elements, widely used to treat Bipolar disorder

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Antipsychotic drugs

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Powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patters in people with a severe P.D, especially schizophrenia. -Neuroleptics are the most extensively used class of this drug -Tardive Dyskinesia, neuro disorder: inboluntary random movements

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Electroconvulsive Therapy

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ECT. Shock therapy, a treatment sometimes used for depression that sets off a seizure in the brain

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-Deep Brain Stimulators

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Doctors surgically implant electrodes in the brain that emit signals to alter thebrains electrical circuity

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-Transcranial Magnetic stimulation

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Uses a magnet to activate the brain, has not been approved the Food and Drug Administration

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Psychosurgery

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A biological therapy with irreversible effects, that involves removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve the person adjustment

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Socioculture Approaches in treatment

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Group therapy

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Sociocultural approach. Brings people who share a particular P.D in sessions that are typically led by a mental health professional

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6 Features of group therapy:

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1. information

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people receive info about their problem from group leader or members

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2. Universality

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People observe that others suffer and feel anguish as well

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3. Altruism

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Group members support one another with advice and sympathy and lear that they have something to offer to others

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4. Experience of a positive family group

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Often resembles a family with the leaders representing as parents and other members as sibling.

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5. Development of social skills

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Feedback from peers may correct flaws in the person interpersonal skills.

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6. Interpersonal learning

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The group can serve as a training ground for practicing new behaviors and relationships.

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Family Therapy

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Group therapy with family members

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Couples therapy

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Group therapy involving married or unmarried couples who major problem lies within their relationship

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Family therapy : 4 widely used techniques

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1. Validation

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Therapist expresses an understanding an acceptance of each family members feelings and beliefs and thus validates the person. Finds something positive to say to each member

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2. Reframing

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Helps families reframe problems as family problems not an individuals problems.

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3. Structural Change

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Family therapist tries to restructure the coalitions in a family. in a mother-son coalition, therapist might suggest that the father take a stronger disciplinarian role to relieve the mother of some burden.

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4. Detriangulation

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In some families, one member is the scapegoat for 2 other members who are in conflict but pretend not to be.

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Self-help support groups

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Voluntary organizations of people who get together on a regular basis to discuss topics of common interest

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Deinstitutionalization

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Large numbers of people with P.D's transferred from mental institutions to community based facilities. -rising levels of homelessness

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Cross-Cultural Competence

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A therapists assessment of his or her abilities to manage cultural issues in therapy and the clients perception of those abilities

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Ethnicity

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Many ethnic minorities prefer disussing problems with parents, friends, relatives rather than mental health professionals

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The biopsychosocial model of health and illness is a framework developed by George L. Engel that states that interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors determine the cause, manifestation, and outcome of wellness and disease.

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Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are what type of antidepressant drugs?

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SSRI's

Chapter 13 – AM Psch. Therapies – Flashcards

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