Chapter 12- The Making of Europe – Flashcards
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When did Germanic People Move Into Rome?
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Around 300 C.E.
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Who were the Ostrogoths?
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They used the Roman tradition of government they stayed in Italy
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What did king Theodoric
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He preserved the Roman form of government. He made sure the Romans in Italy were ruled by Roman officials and Ostrogoths by the German people
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Who were the Visigoths?
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They went to Spain, also maintained the Roman government.
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The Angles and Saxons
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Germanic tribes from Denmark and Northern Germany. Moved and settled in Britain.
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Who was Clovis?
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The establishment of a Frankish kingdom was the work of Clovis, a member of the Merovingian dynasty, became Christian around 500 C.E. Was part of the Catholic Church which greatly helped the Church.
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What was the Aryan Sect of Christianity?
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A group who believed that Jesus had been human and not truly God.
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What happened after Clovis' Death?
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His 3 sons split the kingdom (Modern France and Germany) into three kingdoms, Neustria, Austrasia, Burgundy
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What was the strongest social bond?
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The family, including the extended family
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What was the life expectancy of a woman
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30-40 years
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What was the crimes in Roman government looked as?
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It was looked at like an offense to the state or government
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What was the crimes in Germanic government looked as?
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It was personal, a family feud could happen and the family could plot their revenge
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An alternative to the revenge punishment
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Wergeld, the offender pays the family of the victim, also based on class
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How was innocence and guilt proven?
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The ordeal, it was that God would not harm an innocent person.
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Who was the leader of the church? During the 4th century
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The bishop whose area of jurisdiction was known as a bishopric, or diocese; the bishoprics of each Roman province were joined together under the direction of an archbishop The bishops of four great cities—Rome, Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Antioch—held positions of special power in church affairs because the churches in these cities all asserted that they had been founded by the original apostles sent out by Jesus.
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Who was the leader of the church after?
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The Bishop, the successor of Peter
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What is a monk?
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A monk is a person who has devoted their whole life for God. Isolated from the rest of the world, monks do everything together, Prayers and labor work.
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Who was St. Benedict?
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He founded a monastic house and wrote the basic rules of a monk of the Western Christian Church
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Who was the leader of each Benedictine monastery
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The abbot or father, unquestionable authority.
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What could women be?
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Nuns
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What was the highest ideal for a Christian life?
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Being a monk
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What did monks do?
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Gave schooling to the young, hospitality to the travelers and hospitals for the sick, they also copied down works of Latin works.
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Women, a big part of the Christian movement
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The leaders of nuns were abbesses,
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What did St. Hilda do?
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Saint Hilda founded the monastery of Whitby in 657. As abbess, she was responsible for making learning an important part of the life of the monastery.
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Who was Pepin
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Assumed kingship of the Frankish Kingdoms after it's decline. The father of Charlemagne.
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Who was Charlemagne or Charles the great?
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He was a Christian king of the Franks, illiterate but a patron of learning. Expanded his kingdom with war campaigns the land was soon to be known as Carolingian. His land covered much of central and Western Europe
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In 800 what title did Charlemagne attain?
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The emperor of the Romans.
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What did Charlemagne's coronation show?
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The infusion of Roman, German and Christian elements.Germanic king had been crowned emperor of the Romans by the spiritual leader of western Christendom.
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What was the extent of the Kingdom that Charlemagne had built?
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North Sea to Italy and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Danube River.
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What was Charlemagne considered by many historians?
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"The Father of Europe"
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What happened after Charlemagne's death?
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His 3 grandsons split the kingdom into the western Frankish lands, which formed the core of the eventual kingdom of France; the eastern lands, which eventually became Germany; and a "middle kingdom" extending from the North Sea to the Mediterranean.
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The problem with the "Middle Kingdom" and other 2 kingdoms
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There was a struggle between the middle kingdom and the other 2 kingdoms.
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Nobles in the post Charlemagne era
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They had started gaining power because of the fighting between the rulers.
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Invasions of the 9th and 10th century
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The Muslims attacked the Southern coast of Europe and sent raiding parties into Southern France.
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The Magyars
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They were settled in Hungary and launched attacks on Western Europe, Battle of Lechfeld the Magyars were defeated, converted to Christianity and establish Hungary
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Northmen or Norsemen of Scandinavia
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Known as the vikings, love for adventure and booty cause them to scour Europe. Had ships called dragon ships; carried 50 men and had shallow bottoms for ability to sail in shallow rivers. The most feared invaders in Europe.
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Settlement of the Vikings
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Settled down in lands near Western Europe and converted to Christianity
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FIEF
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Basically land given to a vassal from a lord.
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Relationship between a Lord and his Vassal
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Was called Feudalism. The Lord offered protection for service
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What did Nobles do without royal governments?
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The nobles took control of large area lands. They needed men to fight for them so they offered small amounts of land to people willing to give their services.
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The Frankish armies
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They had chainmail armor and swords and fought on foot. But in the 8th century they began to use larger horses.
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What was a new invention for horses?
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Stirrups
