question

Emerging adulthood has traditionally been the optimal time for hard physical work, athletic achievement, and:

answer

successful reproduction

question

Generally, early adulthood is characterized by _____ health.

answer

optimal

question

Low birth weight, undernutrition in infancy, and rapid weight gain in early childhood are associated with _____ in emerging adulthood.

answer

Shorter height, reduced body functioning, and higher risk of disease

question

Compared to individuals without a college education, those with a college education tend to be:

answer

healthier and have more wealth

question

emerging adulthood

answer

the period of life between the ages of 18 and 25. Emerging adulthood is now widely thought of as a separate developmental stage

question

extreme sports

answer

forms of recreation that include apparent risk of injury or death and are attractive and thrilling as a result

question

drug abuse

answer

the ingestion of a drug to the extent that it impairs the user's biological or psychological well-being

question

post formal thought

answer

a proposed adult stage of a cognitive development , following Piaget's four stages. ______ goes beyond adolescent thinking b y being more practical, more flexible, and more dialectical ( more capable of combining contradictory elements into a comprehensive whole )

question

stereotype threat

answer

the possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another person's oversimplified , prejudiced attitudes

question

The term massification means that:

answer

the idea that college could benefit everyone , leading to marked increases in the number of emerging adults in college

question

Genevieve is about to complete her bachelor's degree. If she is typical, once she is established in her career she will earn approximately _____ more per year than a peer without a college degree.

answer

$20,000

question

In almost every developed nation today, it is true that _____ are college students.

answer

more than half

question

What is decreasing in the U.S. higher education system?

answer

critical thinking, analysis , and communication

question

Compared to college students 30 years ago, more students today are:

answer

focusing on career preparation (jobs, careers , and money)

question

According to the 2011 research conducted by Pryor et al, the number one reason more than 9 out of 10 U.S. students cite for selecting a major is based on:

answer

money

question

intimacy versus isolation

answer

the sixth of Erikson's eight stages of development. Adults seek someone with whom to share their lives in an enduring and self-sacrificing commitment. without such commitment they risk profound loneliness and isolation

question

choice overload

answer

having so many options that a thoughtful choice becomes difficult, and regret after making a choice is more likely

question

cohabitation

answer

an arrangement in which a couple live together in a committed romantic relationships but are not formally married

question

linked lives

answer

lives in which the success, health, and well-being of each family member are connected to those of other membranes, including members of another generation, as in the relationships between parents and children

question

senescence

answer

a gradual physical decline related to aging. _______ occurs in everyone and in every body part, but the rate of decline is highly variable within and between persons

question

organ reserve

answer

the extra capacity built in each organ, such as the heart and lungs, that allows a person to cope with extraordinary demands or to withstand organ strain

question

homeostasis

answer

the adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium, moment by moment. As the body ages, it takes longer for these homeostatic adjustments to occur, so it becomes harder for older bodies to adapt to stress

question

allostasis

answer

a dynamic body adjustment, related to homeostasis, that over time affects physiology. The main difference is that while homeostasis requires an immediate response, allostasis requires longterm adjustment

question

Once a person has reached adulthood, the vital capacity of his or her lungs drops about 4 percent:

answer

per decade

question

If he is typical, a 45-year-old man will probably state that he feels _____ his chronological age.

answer

five to ten years younger

question

Middle aged men and women in committed, monogamous relationships are MOST likely to be _____ with their sex lives.

answer

"extremely satisfied"

question

infertility

answer

the inability to conceive a child after trying for at least a year

question

Infertility is defined as being unable to conceive after _____ months of trying to get pregnant.

answer

12

question

Approximately 15 percent of U.S. couples are:

answer

infertile, some because they have postponed childbearing and another 15 percent of couples choose not to have children

question

In approximately _____ of cases, the cause of a couple's infertility can be traced to the man.

answer

about one third

question

Malek is 45 years old. Research indicates that it will take him approximately _____ times as long to impregnate a woman now than it would have when he was 20 years younger.

answer

five

question

During the past 40 years, advances in medicine have solved about half of all:

answer

fertility problems

question

in vitro fertilization

answer

a technique in which ova (egg cells) are surgically removed from a women and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory. After the original fertilized cells (the zygotes) have divided several times, they are inserted into the woman's uterus

question

menopause

answer

the time in middle age, usually around age 50, when a woman's menstrual periods cease and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops . Strictly speaking, ________ is dated one year after a woman's last menstrual period, although many months before and after that date are considered part of the period of _______

question

hormone replacement theory

answer

taking hormones (in pills, patches, or injections) to compensate for hormone reduction . HRT is most common in women at menopause or after removal of the ovaries, but it is also used by men to help restore their decreased testosterone level. HRT has some medical uses but also carries health risks.

question

andropause

answer

a term coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men, which normally results in reduced sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass.

question

stressor

answer

any situation, event, experience, or other stimulus that causes a person to feel stressed. Many circumstances become stressors for some people but not for others

question

problem focused coping

answer

a strategy to deal with stress by tackling a stressful situation directly

question

emotion focused coping

answer

a strategy to deal with stress by changing feelings about the stressor rather than changing the stressor itself

question

general intelligence (g)

answer

the idea of g assumes that intelligence is one basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities. According to this concept, people have varying levels of this general ability .

question

Flynn effect

answer

the rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations

question

seattle longitudinal study

answer

the first cross-sequential study of adult intelligence . This study began in 1956; the most recent testing was conducted in 2005.

question

fluid intelligence

answer

those types of basic intelligence that make learning of all sorts quick and thorough. Abilities such as short term memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking are all usually considered part of fluid intelligence .

question

crystallized intelligence

answer

those types of intellectual ability that reflect accumulated learning. vocabulary and general information are examples. Some developmental psychologists think crystallized intelligence increases with age, while fluid intelligence declines .

question

analytic intelligence

answer

a form of intelligence that involves such mental processes as abstract planning, strategy selection, focused attention, and information processing , as well as verbal and logical skills

question

creative intelligence

answer

a form of intelligence that involves the capacity to be intellectually flexible and innovative

question

practical intelligence

answer

the intellectual skills used in everyday problem solving

question

selective optimization with compensation

answer

the theory, developed by Paul and Margret Baltes, that people try to maintain a balance in their lives by looking for the best way to compensate for physical and cognitive losses and to become more proficient in activities they can already do well

question

expert

answer

one who is notably, more accomplished , proficient , and/or knowledgeable in a particular skill, topic, or task than the average person

question

expertise

answer

a person's ability to be more accomplished at a particular skills or to have better knowledge of a particular subject , than the average person

question

automatic processing

answer

thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought. Experts process most tasks automatically, saving conscious thought for unfamiliar challenges

question

midlife crisis

answer

a supposed period of unusual anxiety, radical self reexamination and sudden transformation that was once widely associated with middle age but that actually had more to do with developmental history than with chronological age

question

Big Five

answer

the five basic clusters of personality traits that remain quite stable throughout adulthood : openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism .

question

ecological niche

answer

the particular lifestyle and social context that adults settle into because it is compatible with their individual personality needs and interests

question

intimacy vs isolation

answer

the sixth of Erikson's eight stages of development. Adults seek someone with whom to share their lives in an enduring and self sacrificing commitment . without such commitment , they risk profound aloneness and isolation

question

social convoy

answer

collectively, the family members, friends, acquaintances, and even strangers who move through life with an individual

question

consequential strangers

answer

people who are not in a person's closet friendship circle but nonetheless have an impact

question

fictive kin

answer

someone who becomes accepted as part of a family to which he or she has no blood relation

question

What percentage of contemporary U.S. adults will never make a marriage-like commitment?

answer

less than 10 %

question

Of adults born before 1940, what percentage got married?

answer

96%

question

Adults now marry later in life, which is most often the result of:

answer

more a shift in timing and formality than a rejection of partnership

question

empty nest

answer

the tie in the lives of parents when their children have left the family home to pursue their own lives

question

After children have grown, MOST couples find that:

answer

have adequate time for their relationship

question

Current objective research data from a large, randomly selected sample of same-sex partners is:

answer

not yet available in the United States

question

According to the text, the most current U.S. census _____ the number of U.S. households headed by a same-sex couples.

answer

only 0.6%

question

There was a 31 percent increase in the number of same-sex couples in the United States between 2000 and 2006, probably because:

answer

more such couples openly declared themselves as such .

question

One of the MOST influential factors in divorce is:****

answer

time and circumstances, because one half of couples believe that he or she would be happier not married

question

kinkeeper

answer

a caregiver who takes responsibility for maintaining communication among family members

question

extrinsic rewards

answer

the tangible benefits, usually in the form of compensation (salary, health insurance, pension ), that one receives for doing a job

question

intrinsic rewards of work

answer

the intangible gratifications (job satisfaction, self esteem, pride) that come from within oneself as a result of doing a job

question

flexible

answer

an arrangement in which work schedules are flexible so that employees can balance personal and occupational responsibilities

question

telecommuting

answer

working at home and keeping in touch with the office via computer, telephone, and scanner

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