Answers on Chapter 11 Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| how many bonds does carbon always make? |
answer
| four |
question
| what is the exception to carbon always making four bonds? |
answer
| co |
question
| two reasons carbon is so special: |
answer
| can form 4 covalent bonds and bonds with other carbon atoms in a straight chain or ring |
question
| what kind of bonds do organic molecules form? |
answer
| covalent or polar-covalent |
question
| what kind of bonds do organic molecules never form? |
answer
| ionic |
question
| can carbon form quadrupal bonds? |
answer
| no, just single, double and triple |
question
| other elements commonly found in organic molecules? |
answer
| hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen |
question
| each central atom has a specific |
answer
| 3-d shape |
question
| what was the first synthesized organic molecule? |
answer
| urea |
question
| who synthesized urea? |
answer
| frederick wohler |
question
| what makes carbon able to form four equivelent bonds? |
answer
| hybridization |
question
| what does hybridization allow carbon to do? |
answer
| form long chains and rings structures |
question
| isomers |
answer
| same molecular formula different compounds |
question
| why do structuralisomers have different physical properties? |
answer
| because they are connected in a different order |
question
| another name for structural isomers? |
answer
| constitutional isomers |
question
| functional groups |
answer
| structural elements with characteristic arrangement of atoms and similar chemical properties |
question
| what determines the characteristics of organic molecules? |
answer
| functional groups |
question
| three types of structural formulas? |
answer
| molecular, lewis structures, condensed structural formulas |
question
| hydrocarbons contain only |
answer
| carbon and hydrogen |
question
| four most simple types of hydrocarbons: |
answer
| alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics |
question
| alkanes |
answer
| only single bonds |
question
| alkenes |
answer
| at least one double bonds |
question
| alkynes |
answer
| at least one triple bond |
question
| aromatics |
answer
| six carbon rings |
question
| alkanes only contain |
answer
| carbon and hydrogen |
question
| what is possible if an alkane has more than three carbons |
answer
| constitutional isomers |
question
| branches and straight chain alkanes are |
answer
| constitutional isomers |
question
| isomers have different |
answer
| configurations |
question
| configuration |
answer
| bonds must be broken to change shape |
question
| conformations |
answer
| different structures of the same compounds |
question
| can you twist a double bond? |
answer
| no only a single bond |
question
| are conformations malleable |
answer
| yes, different conformations are achieved by rotating around single bonds |
question
| configurations are not changeable unless |
answer
| bonds are broken and reformed |
question
| prefixes denote |
answer
| the number and identity of attached groups |
question
| root word denotes |
answer
| longest carbon chain |
question
| ending denotes |
answer
| functional class (alkane, alkene, etc) |
question
| how can main groups be modified? |
answer
| by the addition of substituents |
question
| during modification you lose an atom but the (blank) is maintained |
answer
| bond |
question
| first step when naming organic molecules |
answer
| find and name the longest contiual carbon chain |
question
| the main chain is what part of the name? |
answer
| the root |
question
| which carbon is number one? |
answer
| the carbon closest to a branch |
question
| second step when naming organic molecules |
answer
| identify each substituent |
question
| number each substituent according to |
answer
| where it is attached to the main chain |
question
| if there are two or more substituents attahed to the same carbon of the main chain... |
answer
| they each get the same number |
question
| will you find metal in organic compounds |
answer
| no |
question
| why are alkanes saturated? |
answer
| the max number of carbons are attached |
question
| general formula for cycloalkanes |
answer
| C(n) H(2n) |
question
| the smallest cycloalkanes have (blank) carbons |
answer
| three |
question
| why are three and four carbon rings strained? |
answer
| because the bond angles are less than 110 degrees |
question
| what do you include in line structures of cyclalkanes? |
answer
| bonds and elements beside carbon and hydrogen |
question
| how do you decide which carbon is number one on the cycloalkane? |
answer
| start alphabetically |
question
| is free rotation possible in a cyclic compound? |
answer
| no |
question
| two commonly seen conformations of cyclohexane |
answer
| chair and boat |
question
| which is the more stable cycloalkane, the chair or the boat? |
answer
| the chair |
question
| what are the bond angles in a cyclohexane? |
answer
| about 110 degrees |
question
| because rings have fixed structures it is possible for substituents to |
answer
| be on different sides |
question
| to distinguish whether or not the substituents are on the same side, you use these two prefixes |
answer
| cis and trans |
question
| are alkanes polar or nonpolar |
answer
| nonpolar |
question
| are alkanes soluble in water |
answer
| no |
question
| alkanes density more or less than water |
answer
| less |
question
| physical properties of alkanes |
answer
| colorless, tasteless |
question
| are alkanes toxic |
answer
| no |
question
| are alkanes flammable |
answer
| yes |
question
| are alkanes reactive |
answer
| nor very |
question
| alkane intermolecular forces are |
answer
| london dispersion |
question
| combustion |
answer
| the rapid reaction of another compound with oxygen that produces heat and light |
question
| the products of combustion are always |
answer
| water and carbon dioxide |
question
| hybrid orbital |
answer
| a combination of the 2s and 2p orbitals that allows carbon to make four bonds that are equivelent |
question
| structural formulas show all |
answer
| covalent bonds |
question
| what are the simplest of all organic compounds? |
answer
| hydrocarbons |
question
| another word for saturated hydrocarbons |
answer
| alkanes |
question
| three types of unsaturated hydrocardbons |
answer
| alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics |
question
| what kind of hydrocarbons are not common in the human body? |
answer
| alkanes |
question
| general formula for alkanes |
answer
| C(2)H(2n+2) |
question
| what is the simplest alkane |
answer
| methane |
question
| what are the bond angles of a tetrahedral? |
answer
| 110 degrees |
question
| two types of alkanes |
answer
| normal and branched |
question
| what does the prefix n mean? |
answer
| indicates that all carbons form an unbranched chain |
question
| alkyl groups |
answer
| a collection of atoms that can be thought of as an alkane minus one hydrogen atom |
question
| why do alkanes have a lower melting and boiling point than other organic molecules |
answer
| because they have very weak nonpolar bonds |
question
| homologous series |
answer
| any series of compounds in which each member differs from the previous member only be having an additional CH2 unit |
question
| dispersion forces increase as (blank) increases |
answer
| molecular weight |
question
| one to four carbons |
answer
| gas |
question
| five to twenty carbons |
answer
| liquid |
question
| more than twenty carbons |
answer
| waxy solid |
question
| what are the least reactive of all organic compounds? |
answer
| alkanes |
question
| what are the products of incomplete combustion |
answer
| co and c |
question
| what causes incomplete combustion |
answer
| lack of oxygen |
