question

observation

answer

measurement of some aspect of nature

question

hypothesis

answer

a tentative inperpretation or explanation of the observations

question

scientific law

answer

brief statement that synthesizes past observations and predicts future ones

question

theory

answer

a proposed explanation for observations and laws

question

scientific method

answer

a way of learning that emphasizes observation and experimentation- to understand the world

question

Atoms
are submicroscopic particles that make up matter.
are often found in molecules.
determine the properties of matter.
All of the above are true.
None of the above is true.

answer

All of the above are true.

question

Scientists form hypotheses based on observations.
A good hypothesis is falsifiable.
Hypotheses are tested by experiment.
One or more hypotheses form the basis for a scientific theory.

True/False

answer

True

question

In the solid state,
atoms or molecules have a lot of space between them.
atoms or molecules are able to move freely, making them compressible.
atoms or molecules pack closely but move freely.
atoms or molecules pack closely in fixed locations.
matter has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape.

answer

atoms or molecules pack closely in fixed locations.

question

Which of the following is a pure substance?

Air
Water
Coffee
Both air and water are examples of pure substances.
Both air and coffee are examples of pure substances.
Both water and coffee are examples of pure substances.

answer

Water

question

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
Italian dressing (typically a mixture of oil and vinegar)
wet sand
salt water
a chocolate chip cookie
Helium

answer

Salt water

question

Which of the following is a chemical change?
water boiling
ice melting
wood burning
dry-ice subliming
All of the above are examples of physical changes.

answer

Wood burning

question

Which of the following is an example of a physical property?
water boiling
the density of solid gold
sugar dissolving
Flammability
All of the above are examples of chemical properties.

answer

the density of solid gold

question

Which of the following best defines kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
Kinetic energy is the energy relative to position.
Kinetic energy is the energy available to do work.
Kinetic energy may be transformed into potential energy.
Kinetic energy is the energy associated with temperature.

answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

question

Which of the following is true?
Systems with low potential energy tend to change in a direction of high potential energy by releasing energy into the surroundings.
Energy is seldom conserved in a physical or chemical change.
Potential energy cannot be destroyed; it can only be converted to thermal energy.
In any process, the total quantity of energy involved is constant.
Energy is the action of a force operating through a certain distance.

answer

In any process, the total quantity of energy involved is constant.

question

Which is the longest distance?
2.50 meters
25.0 centimeters
250 decimeters
0.00250 kilometers
All are the same distance.

answer

250 decimeters

question

Which of the following is the highest temperature?
77 K
–321.07 °F
–196.15 °C
All are the same temperature.

answer

All are the same temperature.

question

The two objects shown below have the same mass. Which has the largest density?
[image]
A
B
Both have the same density.
Not enough information to determine.

answer

A

question

Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?

Density
Color
Melting point
Volume
Temperature

answer

Volume

question

How many mL of bromine are required to deliver 0.25 g of bromine into a reaction?
(d_Br = 3.12 g/cm³)
12 mL
0.080 mL
8.0 mL
0.78 mL
None of the above is correct.

answer

0.080 mL

volume = mass/density = 0.25 g/ (3.12 g/ cm³)

question

Which of the following numbers are exact?
4 apples
1000 m = 1 km
4.2 m
both the first and second choices
both the first and third choices
both the second and third choices

answer

both the first and second choices

question

Which of the following has the largest number of significant figures?
21
2.10 ? 10⁴
0.000021
200.1
0.0020010

answer

0.0020010

question

How many significant figures should be reported for the following calculation:
5.2110 ? 12.20 ? (11.44 – 2.113)
1
2
3
4
5

answer

3

question

A student made the following measurements in lab. Which of the following can be said for certain?
Trial 1 2.125 g
Trial 2 2.123 g
Trial 3 2.127 g
The measurements are accurate.
The measurements are precise.
The measurements are both accurate and precise.
The measurements are neither accurate nor precise.

answer

question

Matter

answer

Physical world of chemistry

Matter is anything that occupies space and has volume.

Matter can be quantified by measuring density (density = mass/volume)

question

Where can you find chemicals?
(a) in a hardware store
(b) in a chemical stockroom
(c) all around you and even inside you
(d) all of the above

answer

D. All of the Above

question

Which statement best describes chemistry?
(a) the science that studies solvents, drugs, and insecticides
(b) The science that studies the connections between the properties of matter and the particles that compose that matter
(c) the science that studies air and water pollution
(d) The science that seeks to understand processes that occur only in chemical laboratories

answer

B. The science that studies the connections between the properties of matter and the particles that compose that matter

question

According to the scientific method, what is a law?
(a) A short statement that summarizes a large number of observations.
(b) A fact that can never be refuted
(c) A model that gives insight into how nature is
(d) An initial guess with explanatory power

answer

A. A short statement that summarizes a large number of observations.

question

Which statement is an example of an observation?
(a) In a chemical reaction, matter is conserved
(b) All matter is made up of atoms
(c) When a given sample of gasoline is burned in a closed container, the mass of the container and its contents does not change
(d) Atoms bond to one another by sharing electrons

answer

C. When a given sample of gasoline is burned in a closed container, the mass of the container and its contents does not change

question

Which characteristic is necessary for success in understanding chemistry?
(a) Curiosity
(b) calculation
(c) commitment
(d) all of the above

answer

D. All of the above

Chapter 1: The Chemical World – Flashcards

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