CH 9: Interpersonal Communication in Friendships and Professional Relationships
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Social Relationships Bring Emotional Rewards
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Friends provide us with at least two types of emotional rewards. One is emotional support, or encouragement during times of emotional turmoil. The second emotional reward of having friends is happiness.
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Social Relationships Bring Material Rewards
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A second way social relationships benefit us is by helping us meet our material needs, such as our needs for money, food, shelter, and transportation.
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Social Relationships Bring Health Rewards
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good social relationships keep us healthy. One reason is that the happiness and relaxation close friendships provide help us to ward off the negative effects of stress. A second reason why having good friends helps us stay healthy is that friends can look out for our safety and well-being.
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Need to Belong Theory
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A hypothesis that says each of us is born with a fundamental drive to seek, form, maintain, and protect strong social relationships.
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Attraction Theory
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describes why we are drawn to others
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory
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A theory suggesting that people are motivated to reduce their uncertainty about others.
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Predicted Outcome Value Theory
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A theory predicting that we form relationships when we think the effort will be worth it.
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Approach Behaviors
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Communication behaviors that signal one's interest in getting to know someone.
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Avoidance Behaviors
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Communication behaviors that signal one's lack of interest in getting to know someone.
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Social Exchange Theory
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A theory predicting that people seek to form and maintain relationships in which the benefits outweigh the costs.
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Equity Theory
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A theory predicting that a good relationship is one in which a person's ratio of costs and rewards is equal to that of the person's partner.
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THE FIVE PRIMARY RELATIONAL MAINTENANCE BEHAVIORS
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Positivity- Acting friendly, being courteous, refraining from criticism Openness- Being willing to discuss your relationship Assurances- Expressing and stressing your faithfulness and commitment Social Networks- Introducing one person to your other friends, family members, and co-workers Sharing Tasks- Performing your fair share of the work in your relationship
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Same-Sex Friends
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Essentially, friendships among women tend to place greater emphasis on conversational and emotional expressiveness, whereas men's friendships focus on shared activities and interests.
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Opposite-Sex Friends
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Research suggests that both men and women value those relationships as a chance to see things from each other's perspective. Opposite-sex friendships can provide opportunities for men to be emotionally expressive and for women to enjoy shared activities that their same-sex friendships do not.
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Rawlin's Friendship Life Span Stages
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1. role limited interaction 2. friendly relations 3. moves toward friendship 4. nascent friendship 5. stabilized friendship 6. waning friendship
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Social Relationships in the Workplace
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Having positive social relationships with co-workers increases job satisfaction; Social relationships between superiors and subordinates can be very positive but are also complicated by the inherent power difference within them.
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Interpersonal Attraction
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Any force that draws people together to form a relationship.
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Physical Attraction
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Attraction to someone's physical appearance.
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Task Attraction
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Attraction to someone's abilities and dependability.
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Social Attraction
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Attraction to someone's personality.
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Comparison Level
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A person's realistic expectation of what the person wants and thinks he or she deserves from a relationship.
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Comparison Level for Alternatives
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A person's assessment of how good his or her current relationship is, compared with other options.
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Over-benefited
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The state in which one's relational rewards exceed one's relational costs.
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Under-benefited
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The state in which one's relational costs exceed one's relational rewards.
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Peer
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Someone of similar power or status.
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Monogamy
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having only one spouse at a time
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Infidelity
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the quality of being unfaithful
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Polygamy
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having more than one spouse at a time
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Stages of romantic relationship formation, maintenance, and dissolution (Knapp's stages)
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1. initiating 2. experimenting 3. intensifying 4. integrating 5. bonding
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Communication Privacy Management theory (CPM)
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Theory that explains how people manage the tension between privacy and disclosure.
