question

Emile Durkheim's insight was that:

answer

there is nothing abnormal about deviance because all societies create it and it has positive functions for the operation of society

question

what did Karl Erikson claim based on his study in Massachusetts Bay puritans?

answer

Deviance is a necessary resource for the operation of society

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developed the "strain theory" of deviance?

answer

Robert Merton

question

The key insight of the _____ approach is that deviance is a necessary part of social organization

answer

structural-functional

question

A _____ is an example of someone who exhibits retreatism from society

answer

person who voluntarily lives on the street

question

from the symbolic-interaction point of view, definitions of deviance and conformity are:

answer

rigid

question

a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person's self concept and social identity is called:

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a stigma

question

Labeling theory links deviance to the:

answer

reactions of others to someone's behavior

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an example of retrospective labeling would be:

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after a serial killer is caught, his neighbors would him as an odd loner who kept to himself and always seemed to be slightly creepy

question

according to the social-conflict approach, deviance is:

answer

shaped by power

question

According to Steve Spitzer, who is at most risk of being labeled deviant?

answer

poor people who threaten the livelinhood of the rich

question

in an unanimous decision related to sentencing for a hate crime, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a belief is no longer protected when it:

answer

becomes the motive for a crime

question

According to social conflict theory, those who threaten the wealthy, are likely to be labeled deviant because:

answer

societal norms generally reflect the interests of the rich and powerful

question

an example of white-collar crime?

answer

embezzling company money

question

By 2012, the Fed, govt. and ____ states had enacted legislation that increased penalties for crimes motivated by hatred

answer

45

question

According to the feminist theory, gender influences how we define deviance because people commonly:

answer

use different standards to judge the behavior of males and females

question

according to victimization surveys, the overall crime rate is ____ official reports indicated.

answer

more than twice as high

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researchers use____ to ask people whether they have been the victims of crime.

answer

victimization surveys

question

the rate of handgun deaths in the U.S. is about ______ times higher than the rate in Canada.

answer

seven

question

all crimes are composed of two elements:

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the crime itself, and the intent

question

the problem of illegal drugs in the U.S. is the issue of:

answer

supply and demand

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an "eye for an eye" describes this justification for punishment:

answer

retribution

question

Changes in the attitudes towards the U.S. death penalty are reflected in the fact that:

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the number of executions has been decreasing in recent years

question

the central idea that underlines our entire criminal justice system is:

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due process

question

due process checks the power of:

answer

the government

question

of the four justifications of punishment ______ is the oldest and precieves punishment as society's revenge for a moral wrong

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retribution

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the violation of a society's formally enacted law is:

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crime

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an example of informal social control:

answer

teasing a friend for listening to justin bieber music

question

this sociologist argued that deviance performs essential social functions, such as clarifying boundaries and encouraging social change:

answer

Erik Durkheim

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Robert Merton asserts that the type of deviance categories of people engage in depends on:

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whether society provides the categories of people with means to achieve cultural goals

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according to the symbolic-interaction approach, the definitions of deviance and conformity are:

answer

variable from situation to situation

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an example of secondary deviance:

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Elliot is a hs student, after he is caught using recreational drugs by his father, he stops going to school, loses many of his friends, begins taking drugs everyday, and is hostile towards his family members

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this approach states that even when the powerful engage in deviant activities, they still have the resources to resist deviant labels?

answer

social-conflict

question

what do critics argue is the downside to hate crime?

answer

it punishes people for their beliefs, not just their actions

question

t or f. the U.S. has the highest crime rate

answer

true

question

Gary is angry that someone took his lunch, so in retaliation he does the same to that person, this is an exapmle of:

answer

retribution

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