Ch 8,9,19 Test Review By Bree A – Flashcards
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In agriculture, _____ _____ refers to both the measure of the yield of a crop per unit area of land cultivation, and the seed generation of the plant itself
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Crop Yield
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____ ______ is a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties.
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Green Revolution
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______ is the rearing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food.
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Aquaculture
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_____ _______ is a form of agriculture, used especially in tropical Africa, in which an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored.
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Shifting cultivation
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The _____ _____ _____ _____ is the primary law governing marine fisheries management in United States federal waters.
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Magnuson fishery Conservation Act
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_____ is the simultaneous cultivation or exploitation of several crops or kinds of animals.
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Polyculture
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_______ is the lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat.
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Malnutrition
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_______ is the nutritional deficiency resulting from lack of food or from the inability of the body to convert or absorb it.
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Undernutrition
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_______ is a form of malnutrition caused by protein deficiency in the diet, typically affecting young children in the tropics (results in bloated stomach).
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Kwashiorkor
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______ is the cultivation of fish or other marine life for food.
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Mariculture
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_______ _______ is a form of modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock, poultry, fish, and crops.
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Industrialized Agriculture
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_______ _______ is self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families.
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Subsistence Agriculture
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_ _____ occurring when a population is at or near the carrying capacity of the environment, which is usually stable: tends to favor individuals that successfully compete for resources and produce few, slowly developing young, and results in a stable population of long-lived individuals.
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K Selection
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The production of numerous small offspring followed by exponential population growth is the defining characteristic of _ _______. They require short gestation periods, mature quickly (and thus require little or no parental care), and possess short life spans
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R Selection
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An ____ ______ ______ shows the distribution of various age groups in a population
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Age Structure Diagram
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_____ ______ occurs when the growth rate of the value of a mathematical function is proportional to the function's current value, resulting in its growth with time being an exponential function.
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Exponential Growth
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______ _____ is the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.
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Carrying Capacity
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A _____ _____ is a graph showing the number or proportion of individuals surviving to each age for a given species or group.
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Survivorship Curve
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_____ _______ ______ is the maintenance of a population at a constant level by limiting the number of live births to only what is needed to replace the existing population.
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Zero Population Growth
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________ _______ _______ is the total fertility rate—the average number of children born per woman—at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration.
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Replacement Level Fertility
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_______ is the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.
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Demography
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The ______ _______ is the period of time required for a quantity to double in size or value. n=70/R
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Doubling Time
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The _____ ______ and _____ _____ was passed and signed into law on November 6, 1986. The purpose of this legislation was to amend, revise, and reform/re-assess the status of unauthorized immigrants set forth in the Immigration and Nationality Act.
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Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)
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________ _______ refers to population growth at the national level that would occur even if levels of childbearing immediately declined to replacement level.
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Population Momentum
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______ ______ it is the study of how the population sizes of species groups change over time and space.
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Population Ecology
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_____ population ____ occurs when the growth rate decreases as the population reaches carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals in a population that the environment can support.
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Logistic Growth
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______ means to leave one's country to live in another. _____ is to come into another country to live permanently.
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Emigrate Immigrate
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_______ _______ (DT) refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system
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Demographic transition
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________ is the policy or practice of encouraging the bearing of children, especially government support of a higher birthrate.
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Pronatalism
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______ ______ _______ are defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their children and to select the means by which this may be achieved".
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Family Planning Services
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______ _______ is a lifestyle that minimizes consumption and the pursuit of wealth and material goods. Individuals choose _______ _______ in order to attain a simpler but more meaningful life.
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Voluntary Simplicity
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The ____ _____ _____ is the number of children who would be born per woman (or per 1,000 women) if she/they were to pass through the childbearing years bearing children.
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Total Fertility Rate
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_______ ______ refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences.
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Gender Inequality
