Ch.3 : Cognitive Foundations – Flashcards
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Suppose you were a participant in a study on information processing. Your thought processes would be likened to the
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functions of a computer
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What process functions to keep the brain's electrical signals on one path and increase processing speed?
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Myelination
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Imagine you are a neurological researcher looking at a PET scan of a 16-year-old boy. Compared to the brain scan of an 8-year-old girl, you'd most likely see
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a larger cerebellum
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Tony is a 12th-grade boy who is having trouble learning about anatomy. Seeing this, Tony's teacher has asked Gladys, a bright classmate of Tony's, to help him understand the concepts he's having trouble with. Deciding to have Gladys help Tony learn anatomy, the teacher is helping Tony work within his
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zone of proximal development
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Mental operations performed by children in the concrete operational stage (age 7-11) are limited to what they can
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experience directly
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In order to remember his grocery list, 12-year-old Andy organizes the list into food groups (i.e., dairy, grains, junk food). Andy is using
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a mnemonic device
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In order to remember his grocery list, 12-year-old Andy organizes the list into food groups (i.e., dairy, grains, junk food). Andy is using
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crystallized intelligence
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The more automatic a cognitive task is, the
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faster you are able to complete the problem
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Piaget conceived of __________ as an active process in which children seek out the type of information and stimulation that matches the development of their thinking.
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maturation
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A child watches a kitten walking in front of her and reaches out to grab the kitten's tail. According to Piaget, this child is ____________________
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in the sensorimotor stage.
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According to the text, one possible explanation of why adolescents and adults differ in decision making is because mature decision making requires both
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cognitive and psychological factors.
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Who is the most likely to understand the metaphor "life is like a box of chocolates"?
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Wayland, a 15-year-old boy.
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There are two types of short-term memory: one type is involved in the input and storage of new information, the other type of short-term memory is known as
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working memory.
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In order for scaffolding to be successful, what does the teacher need to be aware of?
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When the student becomes competent at the task he/she is performing
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According to the text, Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development is defined as
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the gap between what children and adolescents can accomplish alone and what they are capable of doing if guided by a more competent peer.
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As automaticity decreases, what increases?
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Conscious effort
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While Lynn is trying to read a book, her daughter Jennifer is listening to loud music in the same room. In order for Lynn to concentrate on her book, she needs to employ
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selective attention.
