question

Dona Marina was?

answer

A slave that helped Cortes and played a role in the spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan

question

When the spanish invaded the Aztec empire?

answer

They toppled the empire and imposed their own rule in Mexico and Peru

question

The term mestizo refers to?

answer

European and native children (mixed)

question

The most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas was?

answer

The divisions between indigenous peoples that Europeans were able to exploit and the effects of epidemic diseases that devastated native societies

question

The first people of the americans to come into contact with the Spanish were the?

answer

Tainos

question

The capital of the Spanish Caribbean was?

answer

Santo Domingo

question

Christopher Columbus's first plan was?

answer

To build forts and trading posts where merchants could trade with local peoples for products desired by European consumers

question

The encomenderos were?

answer

Spanish Settlers

question

The populations of the caribbean went from about 4 million in 2492 to __________ in the 1540s

answer

a few thousand

question

Hernan Cortes was responsible for the conquest of the?

answer

Aztecs

question

The last emperor of the Aztec empire was?

answer

Motecuzoma II

question

THe conquistador who conquered the Inca was?

answer

Francisco Pizarro

question

The conquistadores?

answer

did not welcome the arrival of bureaucrat, but with the aid of Spanish lawyers, tax collectors, and military forces, royal officials had their way

question

The two centers of Spanish royal authority in the Americas were?

answer

Mexico and Peru

question

The chief Spanish royal administrators in the americas were?

answer

viceroys

question

The power of the viceroys was checked by reviews led by?

answer

audiencias

question

The Treaty of Tordesillas?

answer

Divided the world along and imaginary north-south line where Spain could claim any land west of the line as long as it wasn't already under Christian rule, and Portugal gained the same rights east of the line (1494)

question

Brazil was spotted in 1500 by the portuguese mariner?

answer

Pero Alvares Cabral

question

The portuguese began to show much more interest in Brazil when?

answer

French and Dutch Marinersbegan to visit Brazilian shores

question

Which of the following sites in North America was originally a Dutch colony?

answer

New Amsterdam

question

The english, French, and Dutch?

answer

Sailed the North Atlantic in search of fish and a Northwest passage to Asia

question

The english colony of Jametown?

answer

Had food shortages and disease became so severe that only 60 of the colony's 500 members survived the winter of 1609

question

Which of the following was not a difference between Spanish approach to colonization and that of the English and French

answer

WAS: Fr/En-Private investors financed expeditions vs. royal backing for Spanish. No viceroys in North America. English negoiated treaties with the peoples whose lands they colonized

question

Which of the following was not true of the American Indians that the English and French came into contact with?

answer

WAS: formed dozens of distinct societies, many practiced agriculture and relied on hunting and moving villages in pursuit of game. Migrated regularly between regions

question

The Indian population in the present-day United States stood at 5 million to 10 million in 1492 and at ________ in 1800.

answer

600,000

question

Cabeza de Vaca

answer

was a Spanish nobleman who joined an expedition who went from Hispaniola to investigate Florida in 1527

question

Spanish migrants who were born in Europe were known as?

answer

Peninsulares

question

In the English colonies a higher percentage of women settlers ensured that the migrants mainly married among themselves. This situation is similar to what Spanish or Portuguese colonial area?

answer

Peru

question

The metis were?

answer

the French equivalent of mestizos

question

For the Spanish, the greatest attraction of the Americas was?

answer

Silver

question

By the 17th century, the most prominent site of agriculture in Spanish America was the?

answer

Potosi

question

Which of the following are methods of resistance to Spanish rule employed by the native populations of the Americas

answer

Rebellion, halfhearted work, and retreat to mountains and forests where Spanish power did not reach

question

To provide labor for their sugar plantations, the Portuguese?

answer

first tried to enlist local populations as laborers, but then turned to importing slaves

question

In North America the Europeans initially found a profitable commodity when they bartered for?

answer

fur

question

the first great American cash crop exported initially from Virginia, was?

answer

Tobacco

question

The first plentiful labor force for North America was?

answer

Indentured servants from Europe then turned to African slave labor

question

The Virgin of Guadeloupe essentially became a national symbol for?

answer

An increasingly mestizo society in Mexico

question

The first recorded European sighting of Australia was made by the?

answer

Dutch sailors

question

The area known as New Holland in the 17th century was?

answer

Australia

question

The British initially made use of Australia?

answer

as a penal colony where convicted criminal migrants outnumbered free settlers until 1830s

question

In the 1670s and 1680s, Spanish were interested in consolidating control in this area because it lay directly on the route from Acapulco to Manila?

answer

Guam

question

In 1779, the English explorer Captain James Cook died during a violent confrontation in?

answer

Hawaii

question

Thomas Peters was?

answer

a west african slave who crossed the Atlantic four times

question

The Black pioneers were?

answer

A company of escaped slaves who fought to maintain British rule in the colonies

question

The rise of Maritime trade in the early modern era in Africa?

answer

commercial opportunities drew Europeans to west Africa coast, west Africa turned attention to Atlantic, helped promote emergence of prosperous port cities and powerful coastal kingdoms that trade through the ocean rather than the desert. first opportunities for long-distance trade

question

The most important early city in the Songhay empire was?

answer

Gao

question

The most influential ruler in the rise of the Songhay empire was?

answer

Sunni Ali

question

Sunni Ali built a powerful navy to patrol the?

answer

Niger River

question

All Songhay emperors were?

answer

Muslims

question

The Songhay empire fell in 1591 to?

answer

A Moroccan Army

question

Vasco de Gama played a central role in the collapse of?

answer

The Swahili ciy states of East Africa

question

In 1505 all of the Swahili city-states were subdued by?

answer

The portuguese

question

The ruler of the kingdom of Kongo, Afonso I, converted to what religion and encouraged his subjects to convert to as well?

answer

Christianity

question

The capital fo the Kingdom of Kongo, known to the Europeans as Sao Slavador was?

answer

Mbanza

question

King Nzinga Mbemba of Kongo was best known for?

answer

converting to Roman Catholicism (christianity) Attending religious services daily and studying the Bible

question

An alliance with Portugal brought wealth and foreign recognition to Kongo as well as?

answer

Eventually the destruction of the kingdom and establishment of a portuguese colony in Angola

question

The Portuguese referred to Ndongo as Angola because of the word ngola, which meant?

answer

The title of the king

question

The chief obstacle to Portuguese control of Angola came from?

answer

Queen Nzinga

question

The first European colony in sub-Saharan Africa was?

answer

Angola

question

IN an effort too drive the Portuguese out of Ndongo, Queen Nzinga formed an alliance with the?

answer

Dutch Mariners

question

A trading post was built at Cape Town in 1652 by the?

answer

Dutch mariners

question

The massive, fortified city in southern Africa dominated the gold trade in its region of the continent until the late 15th century?

answer

Great Zimbabwe

question

When the Dutch founded Cape Town they encountered which of these indigenous groups, whome they called the Hottentots?

answer

Khoikhoi

question

The center of Islamic learning in west africa was?

answer

Timbuktu

question

Islam was popular in sub-Saharan Africa in?

answer

the commercial centers of west Africa and the Swahili city-states of east Africa

question

Islam and Christianity usually spread into sub-Saharan Africa in?

answer

...

question

The fulani?

answer

Were a pastoral Muslims from the Savannas in west africa who led a series of military campaigns to establish Islamic States and impose their own brnd of Islam in west Africa

question

Which of the following was not an accomplishment of Fulani

answer

DIDNT: stamp out African religions or eliminate indigenous elements from the syncretic Islam of west Africa DID: founded powerful states, promoted spread of Islam to the countryside, established schools, laid foundations for new rounds of Islamic-state building in 19/20 centuries

question

The founder of the religion that stressed that Jesus Christ had been a black man and that Kongo was the true holy land was?

answer

Dona Beatriz

question

During the early modern period in Africa, the basis of social organization continued to be?

answer

Kinship Groups

question

The most important American crop introduced into Africa in the 16th century was?

answer

Manioc

question

By 1800, the population of sub-Saharan Africa stood at?

answer

60 million

question

Throughout most of history, the majority of slaves came from?

answer

Africa

question

One of the factors that made African Slavery different from the varieties practiced elsewhere was that

answer

wealth and power in Africa came not from the possession of land, but rather from control over the hman labor that made the land productive

question

The arrival of Europeans?

answer

Caused the slave trade to expand dramatically

question

The first European slave traders were the?

answer

Portuguese

question

As part of the triangular slave trade, the Europeans usually picked up slaves in Africa in return for?

answer

Horses and manufactured goods - mostly cloth and metal wares (firearms)

question

Throughout the entire period of trans-Atlantic slavery, the mortality rate for the middle passage was?

answer

50% at the begining and then declined to 5% per voyage

question

The heaviest slave trading took place in (time)?

answer

18th century

question

How many Africans were forcefully brought to the Americas as part of the trans-Atlantic slave trade?

answer

12 million

question

The vast majority of slaves?

answer

Provided agricultural labor on plantations in the Caribbean or the Americas

question

The only place where a slave revolt actually brought about an end to slavery was?

answer

Haiti

question

Which of the following was not a syncretic religion tied to Africans in the Americas?

answer

WAS: Vodou, Santeria, Candomble

question

The first European nation to abolish the slave trade was?

answer

Denmark

question

Matteo Ricci was?

answer

A roman catholic missionary who tried to capture the chinese emperors attention with chiming mechanical clocks and then persuade him to convert to christianity

question

Matteo Ricci and other Europeans discovered that they were more successful in their negotiations with the Chinese if they presented them?

answer

Self-ringing bells

question

After the arrival of the europeans?

answer

...

question

In 1368, the Ming dynasty replaced the ______ dynasty

answer

Yuan

question

The Ming Dynasty was founded by?

answer

Hongwu

question

In founding his new dynasty, Hongwu chose the name Ming which meant?

answer

"brilliant"

question

In 1421, Yongle moved the capital of china to?

answer

Beijing

question

In an effort to stablilize China internally, the Ming emperors?

answer

built the Great Wall, and set out to eradicate mongol and other foreign influences -- gov't sponsored study of Chinese cultural traditions and provided financial support for imperial academics/regional colleges

question

It was during the reign of Emperor Wanli that?

answer

He refused to meet with government officials and conducted business through eunuch intermediaries

question

The Manchus called their dynasty "Qing", which meant?

answer

Pure

question

The leader who first organized the Manchu into a centralized state was?

answer

Nurhaci

question

Which of the following was not an action of the Manchus after conquering China?

answer

DID: Outlawed intermarriage and forbade Chinese from traveling to Manchuria and learning their language. Forced chinese to shave front of their heads and grow a Manchu-style queue

question

Taiwan was conquered by?

answer

Kangxi

question

Which of the following was not an accomplishment of Kangxi?

answer

WAS: Conquered Taiwan, organized flood control and irrigation projects, generously patronized Confucian schools/academics

question

Which ruler made Vietnam, Burma, Nepal vassal states of China?

answer

Qianlong

question

In regard to ruling philosophy and techniques, the Qing?

answer

tightly centralized state, bureaucracy of Confucian scholars, emperor was the "Son of Heaven", Scholar-bureaucrats governed day to day (took civil service exams)

question

The phrase "son of Heaven" refers to?

answer

The tradition that the emperor of china was designated by heavenly powers to maintain order on the earth

question

To pass the civil service exam it was necessary to excel in the?

answer

Calligraphy, poetry, essay composition (confucian curriculum)?

question

Which of the following was not one of the accomplishments of the Chinese clans?

answer

WAS: Assumed responsibilities that exceeded capacities of nuclear family- maintenance of local order, organization of local economies, provision for welfare

question

During the Ming and Qing dynasties?

answer

Patriarchal authority over females became tighter than ever before

question

The practice of footbinding?

answer

Became exceptionally popular during the late Ming and Qing dynasties

question

By 1750, the population of China had grown to?

answer

225 million

question

Zheng He?

answer

Led a series of seven maritime expeditions sent by the emperor Yongle

question

Foreign trade during the Qing dynasty?

answer

brought tremendous prosperity; china produced vast quantities of silk, porcelain, lacquerware and tea...imports were relatively few; spices from Maluku, exotic products from tropical regions, small quantities of woolen textiles from Europe

question

China fell behind technologically during the Ming and Qing dynasties because?

answer

the government favored political and social stability over technological innovation (feared unsettling change), abundance/availability of workers discouraged it

question

With the exception of the emperor and his family, the most exalted members of Chinese society were?

answer

Scholar-bureaucrats and gentry

question

According to Confucian tradition the most honorable class among the peasants, artisans, and merchnats was the?

answer

Peasants

question

Zhu Xi was?

answer

The most prominent architect of neo-confucianism: emphasized self discipline, filial piety, and obedience to rulers

question

Which of the following works is associated with Qianlong?

answer

Complete Library of the Four Treasuries

question

Which of the following popular novels dealt with the intrigue following the collapse of the Han dynasty?

answer

Romance of the Three Kingdoms

question

The author of the "True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven" was?

answer

Ricci

question

In "The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven", Matteo Ricci argued that?

answer

The doctrines of Confucius and Jesus were very similar, if not identical

question

The Chinese were hesitant to conver to Christianity because?

answer

Of its exclusivisty: they had honored many religions at the same time for centuries

question

The term "bakufu" means?

answer

Tent government

question

in 1600 Tokugawa Ieyasu?

answer

establishe a military government known as the Tokugawa bakufu

question

Daimyo were?

answer

Powerful territorial lords who ruled m ost of Japan from their hereditary landholdings

question

beginning in the 1630s and enduring for the next two centuries, Japanese foreign policy included all of the following except..?

answer

DID: forbade Japanese from going abroad or building large ships, prohibited foreign merchants from trading at Japanese ports, expelled Europeans, forbade import of foreign books. allowed carefully controlled trade w/Asian lands and small numbers of chinese&dutch merchants

question

The process known as "thinning out the rice shoots" refers to?

answer

infanticide

question

During the Tokugawa period, the shoguns desired that daimyos and samurai embrace any of the following professions except?

answer

Be professional armed warriors-pushed them to become bureaucrats and government functionaries

question

The term "Native learning" relates to?

answer

The importance of folk traditions and the Shinto religion for Japanese identity

question

The term "floating worlds" originally related to?

answer

The centers of Tokugawa urban culture entertainment and pleasure quarters

question

The Mughai ruler who constructed the Taj Mahal was?

answer

Shah Jahan

question

The ottoman, Safavid, and Mughai empires were all?

answer

Islamic

question

The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughai empires originally came from?

answer

Nomadic Turkish speaking peoples of central Asia

question

The founder of the Ottoman dynasty was?

answer

Osman

question

The word ghazi refers to?

answer

Muslim religious warriors

question

What did the poet Ahmadi indicate was the instrument of the religion of Allah?

answer

the Ghazi

question

Which of the following empires was inspired by its status as an islamic outpost on the border of the Christian world?

answer

Ottomans

question

The ottoman institution that provided Balkan slaves for the formation of the Janissaries was the?

answer

Devshirme

question

The ottoman ruler who captured Constantinople was?

answer

Mehmed II (Mehmed the Conquerer)

question

The Ottoman ruler Selim the Grim captured?

answer

Syria and Egypt

question

Suleyman the Magnificent won his greatest victory and killed the king of Hungary at the battle of?

answer

Mohacs

question

Khayr al-Din Barbarossa Pasha was?

answer

A Turkish corair who became Suleyman's leading admiral (navy)

question

The diplomat Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq wrote with both admiration and fear of the?

answer

Ottoman empire

question

The Islamic leader who converted to Twelver Shiism was?

answer

Ismail

question

Central to the belief of Twelver Shiism was the idea that?

answer

there had been 12 infallible imams after Muhammad and that the twelfth had gone into hiding to escape persecution and was still alive and would one day return and take power

question

The Safavids traced their ancestry back to the leader Safi al-Din, who was what religion?

answer

a Sufi

question

Shah Ismail recieved the greatest support for his conversion to Twelver Shiism from?

answer

The Gizilbash (red heads)

question

At the battle of Chaldiran in 1514?

answer

the ottomans deployed heavy artillery/thousands of Janissaries with firearms behind a barrier of carts. Safavids didnt use gunpowder technology because it was "unmanly" and the qizilbash cavalry attacked the Ottoman line. Ottomans badly destroyed Safavid state but couldnt destroy completely-2 empires remained locked in conflict for the next 2 centuries

question

The leader of the Safavid empire at its peak was?

answer

Shah Abbas the Great

question

Zahir al-Din Muhammad's main inspiration for conquering India was?

answer

to transform his inheritance into a glorious central Asian empire (father had been the prince of Farghana)

question

The founder of the Mughal dynasty, and a descendant of Chinggis Khan and Tamerlane, was?

answer

Babur

question

Which of the following rulers displayed the greatest amount of religious toleration?

answer

Akbar

question

Akbar's answer to the religious diversity and tension of India was to?

answer

Encourage the elaboration of a syncretic religion called the "divine faith" that focused attention on the emperor as a ruler common to all religions in india

question

The Mughal empire reached its greatest geographic extent during the reign of?

answer

Aurangzeb

question

The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb?

answer

pushed Mughal authority deep into southern India... faced rebellions and religious tensions/conflict between Hindus&Muslims and he broke with Akbar's policy of religious toleration (was a devout Muslim)

question

The Ottomans referred to Suleyman as the "Kanuni" or?

answer

The Lawgiver

question

The steppe tradition that caused the greatest problem for the Islamic empires?

answer

ruler's relatives often managed components of the states, and succession to the throne became a hot contest between competing members of the family

question

Hurrem Sultana was?

answer

Suleymans wife who used to be a concubine of Ukrainian origin

question

Because of protests from moralists, the Ottoman sultan Murad IV?

answer

Outlawed coffee and tobacco

question

In the 300 years after 1500, the population of India grew from 105 million to?

answer

190 million

question

To create a favorable environment for trade, Shah Abbas allowed Christian monastic orders to set up missions in what city?

answer

Isfahan

question

The Christian center of India was?

answer

Goa

question

Sikhism was a syncretic combination of?

answer

Hinduism and Islam

question

In the Islamic world, the dhimmi were?

answer

protected people

question

The jizya was the tax paid by?

answer

the dhimmi

question

The Islamic leader who abolished the jizya was?

answer

Akbar

question

Suleyman the Magnificent called on Sinan Pasha to?

answer

Create the most celebrated of all monuments of Istanbul- The Suleymaniye

question

The ottomans took the Byzantine cathedral Hagia Sofia and?

answer

Converted it into the mosque of Aya Sofya

question

What islamic city was considered "half the world"?

answer

Isfahan

question

Fatehpur Sikri was?

answer

A city planned and constructed by Akbar that served as his capital

question

Shah Jahan was unable to finish the construction of the Taj Mahal because?

answer

Aurangzeb (his son) deposed him before it was done

question

Which of the following factors was not one of the reasons for the decline of the Islamic empires?

answer

WAS: failure to expand, costly wars, domestic difficulties, social/cultural diversity, conservatism (printing press), corrupt government

question

Akbar's tolerant religious policies were criticized by the conservative religious leader?

answer

Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindj

question

PIri Reis was responsible for?

answer

Producing several large scale maps and the book of Seafaring

Ch.25-Ch.28 – Flashcards

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