Ch. 22 Exam 3 – Flashcards
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High-flying birds are able to obtain enough oxygen even when the air is very thin because.......
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they have more efficient lungs than other vertebrates.
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The reason animals need a continuous supply of oxygen is to.....
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obtain energy from their food.
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A waste product of respiration is....
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carbon dioxide.
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When you exhale, you
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remove CO2 from the body
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During gas exchange, body cells
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release CO2 and take up O2.
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The body structure where gas exchange occurs is called the
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respiratory surface
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Animals that effectively use their body surface for gas exchange must
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have a high ratio of body surface area to volume
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Which of the following organisms has a respiratory system that does not require assistance from a circulatory system for gas exchange?
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grasshopper
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The organization of blood and water flow in a fish's gills increases the fish's ability to
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extract oxygen from the water
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One advantage of gas exchange in water is that
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it is easy to keep the exchange surface wet.
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In the countercurrent exchange system of fish gills,
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blood and water flow in opposite directions
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The tracheal system of an insect is most like which of the following?
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the air duct system in a building
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Evolutionary movement of aquatic vertebrates to land involved an intermediate individual that.....
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had both gills and lungs
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Evolutionary adaptations for survival on land produced tetrapods, which later evolved into....
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amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
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Which of the following options correctly lists the direction of carbon dioxide travel as it leaves the body?
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alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx
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Which of the following is a function of the nasal cavities in humans?
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warming inhaled air
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What name is given to the sheet of muscle that helps move air in and out of the lungs?
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diaphragm
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Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs across
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alveoli.
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The ________ is a passageway shared by both food and air
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pharynx
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Why do cigarette smokers cough more than nonsmokers?
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Cigarette smoke harms the cilia that normally move debris out of the lungs, and coughing is the remaining way to clean the lungs.
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Cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke cause cancer due to the
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toxins in the smoke
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Inhalation in humans is achieved by
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contraction of the diaphragm and chest muscles
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When you are breathing normally, exhalation results mainly from
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the relaxation of the chest muscles and diaphragm.
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The function of passageways for gas exchange in birds is to
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permit one-way ventilation of the lungs.
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Air leaving human lungs during exhalation contains
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carbon dioxide and unused oxygen
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When you hold your breath, which of the following blood gas changes leads initially to the urge to breathe again?
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rising carbon dioxide concentration
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Medullary breathing centers directly sense and respond to
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blood pH and CO2 concentration.
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In a mammal, blood leaving the lungs goes to
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the heart
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Oxygen moves from blood into the interstitial fluid and then to body cells because
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it diffuses from a region of higher partial pressure to a region of lower partial pressure
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Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____.
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as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
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By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too _____.
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acidic
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In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____.
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combined with hemoglobin
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Oxygen is mostly transported through the body in which of the following ways?
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bound to hemoglobin
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The oxygen-carrying component in red blood cells is
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hemoglobin
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Which of the following contributes to gas exchange in the human fetus?
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the stronger attraction that fetal hemoglobin has for oxygen when compared to adult hemoglobin
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What prompts a newborn baby to start to breathe?
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an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the baby's blood
