Ch. 18 History 1302 Study Guide – Flashcards

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question
Which of the following individuals was NOT an innovator in retailing in the late nineteenth century?
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Cyrus Field
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The greatest inventor of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America was
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Thomas Edison
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Most working women
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Were young and single
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A major change in the railroad industry after the Civil War was the development of
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major railroad trunk lines
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How effect did the American government have on industrial growth?
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It provided incentives for growth
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Why did Samuel Gompers oppose women in the American Federation of Labor?
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He believed that women workers would lower the pay scales for men.
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Which was NOT a consequence of the advent of advertising and large-scale retailing?
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Most consumers felt threatened by new industrial goods.
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What does it mean to say that some professions became "feminized" in the late 1800s
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As more women took jobs in certain fields, men left them, and this lowered the status of these professions.
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The first modern trust was
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Standard Oil
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How were American railroads different from European railroads?
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European railroads were built between already existing towns, but American railroads often created the towns that they served.
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What was the result of the Homestead Strike?
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It emphasized the cost of industrialization.
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Which of the following individuals is INCORRECTLY associated with the industry he helped to found?
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Henry Bessemer - railroads
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Which of the following groups received the greatest rewards from industrialization?
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white, native-born males
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The principle of the "iron law of wages" stated that
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supply and demand regulated wages.
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Why did John D. Rockefeller reject competition among oil companies?
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He believed that consolidation, not competition, created stronger companies.
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This company became the first billion-dollar company.
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U.S. Steel
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After 1870, the measure of a nation's industrial progress was determined by
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the production of steel
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The two transcontinental railroad lines met at
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Promontory, Utah.
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What was the significance of American Telephone and Telegraph?
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It was the consolidation of many local phone systems into one large corporation.
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What was the reason for Andrew Carnegie's success?
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He understood how to organize steel industry management.
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Which of the following best describes the early American Federation of Labor?
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an alliance of craft unions that tried to improve wages and working conditions
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Which of the following best describes the Knights of Labor?
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a federation of craft unions aimed only at improving wages and working conditions **********
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What was one negative effect of industrialization in the United States in the nineteenth century?
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There was now a growing disparity in income between the rich and poor.
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Why did the Knights of Labor fail?
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It was unable to organize the workers. *********
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What was the significance of Thomas Edison's laboratory at Menlo Park?
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It was the first laboratory
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According to social historian Stephan Thernstrom, what was the extent of American social mobility in the early industrial era?
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substantial, but limited
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Why didn't early American railroads actually link different regions to each other?
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They had different schedules and incompatible gauges.
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The most important advances in industrialization
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occurred during the last third of the nineteenth century.
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Which of the following was NOT a factor in American industrial development?
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industrialization of the South after the Civil War
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The great strike of 1877, in which more than 100 people died, involved
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railroad workers.
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What was the result of Andrew Carnegie's sale of Carnegie Steel?
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J.P. Morgan combined it with other steel companies into the U.S. Steel Corporation.
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The development of a national railway system
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Was not completed until the early twentieth century.
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Rapid rail construction after the Civil War was possible because
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federal and state governments provided important incentives.
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American industrial growth was concentrated in the
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Northeast
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What was one result of the proliferation of patents in the late nineteenth century?
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Americans no longer imported most of their technology.
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What is the significance of the adoption of a standard gauge system for all railroads?
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It allowed trains to travel on all tracks, thus integrating the entire system.
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Which two were the most important developments of the late nineteenth century?
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telephone and electricity
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The development of brand names, chain stores, and mail order houses
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provided convenience and standardization.
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As for women workers, the American Federation of Labor
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either ignored or opposed them as members.
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Which of the following lists industrial developments in proper chronological order?
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the completion of the first transcontinental railroad, formation of the first trust, formation of U.S. Steel Corporation
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By 1894, American railroads
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suffered from competition and overexpansion.
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What was the consequence of the formation of the Standard Oil Trust?
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Other industries followed its lead and trusts became common in America.
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What does it mean to say that Americans spoke a "common language of consumption" by the late nineteenth century?
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Americans found a commonality in a consumer culture, in which they all could buy the same kinds of goods.
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Unlike the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor
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emphasized economic goals for workers.
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The most significant technical innovation of the nineteenth century was
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railroads
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In comparison to male workers, female workers
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were relegated to traditionally "feminine" jobs.
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The most important development in the communications system in late nineteenth-century America was the
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telephone.
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The most important figure in American finance was
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J. P. Morgan.
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According to Herbert Gutman, industrialization transformed the "culture of work." Which of the following best states his meaning?
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The new technology often required difficult and demeaning adaptations of work patterns. **********
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What was a result of the Haymarket Square riot?
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It weakened the national labor movement.
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