question

Which of the following individuals was NOT an innovator in retailing in the late nineteenth century?

answer

Cyrus Field

question

The greatest inventor of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America was

answer

Thomas Edison

question

Most working women

answer

Were young and single

question

A major change in the railroad industry after the Civil War was the development of

answer

major railroad trunk lines

question

How effect did the American government have on industrial growth?

answer

It provided incentives for growth

question

Why did Samuel Gompers oppose women in the American Federation of Labor?

answer

He believed that women workers would lower the pay scales for men.

question

Which was NOT a consequence of the advent of advertising and large-scale retailing?

answer

Most consumers felt threatened by new industrial goods.

question

What does it mean to say that some professions became "feminized" in the late 1800s

answer

As more women took jobs in certain fields, men left them, and this lowered the status of these professions.

question

The first modern trust was

answer

Standard Oil

question

How were American railroads different from European railroads?

answer

European railroads were built between already existing towns, but American railroads often created the towns that they served.

question

What was the result of the Homestead Strike?

answer

It emphasized the cost of industrialization.

question

Which of the following individuals is INCORRECTLY associated with the industry he helped to found?

answer

Henry Bessemer - railroads

question

Which of the following groups received the greatest rewards from industrialization?

answer

white, native-born males

question

The principle of the "iron law of wages" stated that

answer

supply and demand regulated wages.

question

Why did John D. Rockefeller reject competition among oil companies?

answer

He believed that consolidation, not competition, created stronger companies.

question

This company became the first billion-dollar company.

answer

U.S. Steel

question

After 1870, the measure of a nation's industrial progress was determined by

answer

the production of steel

question

The two transcontinental railroad lines met at

answer

Promontory, Utah.

question

What was the significance of American Telephone and Telegraph?

answer

It was the consolidation of many local phone systems into one large corporation.

question

What was the reason for Andrew Carnegie's success?

answer

He understood how to organize steel industry management.

question

Which of the following best describes the early American Federation of Labor?

answer

an alliance of craft unions that tried to improve wages and working conditions

question

Which of the following best describes the Knights of Labor?

answer

a federation of craft unions aimed only at improving wages and working conditions **********

question

What was one negative effect of industrialization in the United States in the nineteenth century?

answer

There was now a growing disparity in income between the rich and poor.

question

Why did the Knights of Labor fail?

answer

It was unable to organize the workers. *********

question

What was the significance of Thomas Edison's laboratory at Menlo Park?

answer

It was the first laboratory

question

According to social historian Stephan Thernstrom, what was the extent of American social mobility in the early industrial era?

answer

substantial, but limited

question

Why didn't early American railroads actually link different regions to each other?

answer

They had different schedules and incompatible gauges.

question

The most important advances in industrialization

answer

occurred during the last third of the nineteenth century.

question

Which of the following was NOT a factor in American industrial development?

answer

industrialization of the South after the Civil War

question

The great strike of 1877, in which more than 100 people died, involved

answer

railroad workers.

question

What was the result of Andrew Carnegie's sale of Carnegie Steel?

answer

J.P. Morgan combined it with other steel companies into the U.S. Steel Corporation.

question

The development of a national railway system

answer

Was not completed until the early twentieth century.

question

Rapid rail construction after the Civil War was possible because

answer

federal and state governments provided important incentives.

question

American industrial growth was concentrated in the

answer

Northeast

question

What was one result of the proliferation of patents in the late nineteenth century?

answer

Americans no longer imported most of their technology.

question

What is the significance of the adoption of a standard gauge system for all railroads?

answer

It allowed trains to travel on all tracks, thus integrating the entire system.

question

Which two were the most important developments of the late nineteenth century?

answer

telephone and electricity

question

The development of brand names, chain stores, and mail order houses

answer

provided convenience and standardization.

question

As for women workers, the American Federation of Labor

answer

either ignored or opposed them as members.

question

Which of the following lists industrial developments in proper chronological order?

answer

the completion of the first transcontinental railroad, formation of the first trust, formation of U.S. Steel Corporation

question

By 1894, American railroads

answer

suffered from competition and overexpansion.

question

What was the consequence of the formation of the Standard Oil Trust?

answer

Other industries followed its lead and trusts became common in America.

question

What does it mean to say that Americans spoke a "common language of consumption" by the late nineteenth century?

answer

Americans found a commonality in a consumer culture, in which they all could buy the same kinds of goods.

question

Unlike the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor

answer

emphasized economic goals for workers.

question

The most significant technical innovation of the nineteenth century was

answer

railroads

question

In comparison to male workers, female workers

answer

were relegated to traditionally "feminine" jobs.

question

The most important development in the communications system in late nineteenth-century America was the

answer

telephone.

question

The most important figure in American finance was

answer

J. P. Morgan.

question

According to Herbert Gutman, industrialization transformed the "culture of work." Which of the following best states his meaning?

answer

The new technology often required difficult and demeaning adaptations of work patterns. **********

question

What was a result of the Haymarket Square riot?

answer

It weakened the national labor movement.

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