question

Adulthood covers the four decades of life between ages_____and_____.

answer

25;65

question

Once a person has reached adulthood, the vital capacity of his or her lungs drops about 4 percent:

answer

each decade.

question

If he is typical, a 45-year-old man will probably state that he feels _______his chronological age.

answer

5 to 10 years younger than

question

Obesity and weight-related medical problems are primarily reflective of which process?

answer

allostasis

question

Rita, age 65, began a yoga practice 15 years ago, and enjoys an evening walk through her neighborhood nearly every day. These habits are likely to:

answer

lighten her allostatic load.

question

Which statement is true for people of both genders as they age?

answer

Reproduction becomes less likely.

question

Middle aged men and women in committed, monogamous relationships are MOST likely to be________with their sex lives.

answer

extremely satisfied

question

Infertility is defined as being unable to conceive after ________months of trying to get pregnant.

answer

12

question

Approximately 15 percent of U.S. couples are:

answer

infertile

question

In approximately_______of cases, the cause of a couple's infertility can be traced to the man.

answer

one-third

question

Malek is 45 years old. Research indicates that it will take him approximately________impregnate a woman now than it would have when he was 20 years younger.

answer

45

question

During the past 40 years, advances in medicine have solved about half of all:

answer

fertility problems.

question

The risk of birth defects and later serious illnesses for ________newborns is about 3 percent.

answer

in vitro fertilized

question

In an aging brain:

answer

reaction time lengthens.

question

Before the age of 65, ______percent of individuals experience significant brain loss.

answer

1

question

What are the odds that a person will inherit the dominant gene for Alzheimer disease?

answer

1 in 1000

question

Severe brain loss that occurs before late adulthood could be caused by any of these factors EXCEPT:

answer

normal senescence.

question

Statistically, which female has the MOST acute hearing?

answer

the voice of a small child

question

George is 65 years old and is experiencing some symptoms of age-related hearing loss. If he is typical for his age, which sound would be the LEAST audible for him?

answer

the voice of a small child

question

Which vision change is NOT associated with aging?

answer

Nearsightedness increases while farsightedness decreases.

question

A group of friends, all about 60 years of age, are playing cards. What characteristic of senescence do they MOST likely have in common?

answer

Their faces have wrinkles.

question

The first visible signs of senescence are usually observed in a person's:

answer

skin.

question

Which physical change does NOT typically occur in middle adulthood?

answer

The space between the spinal disks widens.

question

At a recent physical exam, Janet was told that she is an inch shorter than she was five years ago at age 50. What caused her decrease in height?

answer

age-related compression of the spine

question

In middle adulthood, a person is MOST apt to lose:

answer

nearly an inch in height.

question

The average age of menopause is about_________years.

answer

51

question

A drop in sex hormones in a woman's bloodstream along with cessation of ovulation and menstruation signals:

answer

menopause.

question

The many changes of menopause are caused by reduced:

answer

estrogen.

question

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) involves taking:

answer

estrogen and progesterone.

question

Which statement about hormone replacement therapy is true?

answer

Some findings may have been affected by SES.

question

The term "male menopause" is sometimes used to refer to:

answer

the age-related reduction in testosterone.

question

Women experience menopause; men experience:

answer

andropause.

question

Considering the psychological causes discussed in the text, the man LEAST likely to experience "male menopause" is:

answer

Bob, who is 55 and has decided to retire early.

question

The diseases and chronic conditions associated with aging:

answer

may be strongly affected by lifestyle.

question

A researcher is compiling data on the incidence of several different diseases. These data reflect:

answer

morbidity.

question

Difficulty in performing normal activities of daily life because of a "physical, mental, or emotional condition" is called:

answer

disability.

question

The measure of health MOST indicative of the quality of one's daily life is:

answer

vitality.

question

Examining worldwide trends in smoking shows that smoking:

answer

is a habit for one-third of the adults in Greece and Turkey.

question

All smoking diseases are:

answer

dose and duration sensitive.

question

What global trend is evident with regards to alcohol?

answer

Poor countries have more abstainers and abusers.

question

Research studies on alcohol use have shown that:

answer

moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity.

question

One of the effects of moderate drinking is:

answer

a reduction in coronary heart disease.

question

As Tom helped himself to a fourth beer, he announced to everyone at the barbecue that alcohol is healthy in moderation. How does the text define "moderation"?

answer

two drinks per day

question

Researchers on obesity agree that during middle age:

answer

metabolism slows down by about a third.

question

Jim, who was 60, couldn't understand why he kept slowly gaining weight. He wasn't eating any more than usual, and he maintained his regular exercise routine. What explains his weight gain?

answer

His metabolism slowed down by a third between emerging and late adulthood.

question

Which country has experienced a doubling of its diabetes rate in the past 4 decades?

answer

the United States.

question

Currently in the United States,_______percent of adults are overweight.

answer

65

question

In middle adulthood, an individual is considered obese who:

answer

has a BMI of 30 or more.

question

Which statement about gastric bypass surgery in obese adults is FALSE?

answer

Such surgery decreases the need for life-changing habits.

question

What percentage of adults in the United States and England get at least 30 minutes per day of exercise?

answer

less than 5

question

Regular exercise helps adults in all these ways EXCEPT:

answer

negating the impact of tobacco use.

question

What is one crucial factor for success at the implementation stage of breaking a habit?

answer

social support

question

Implementation is quitting a habit according to plan. When is implementation most successful?

answer

tackling one habit at a time

question

What is the term for the phenomenon that happens when a person's resolve to break a habit fades when faced with stress?

answer

attention myopia

question

Lena wants began a plan to quit smoking shortly before losing her job. However, in the midst of the financial and personal turmoil of her job loss, she abandoned her efforts and bought more cigarettes. This is an example of:

answer

poor planning.

question

If a person is experiencing several stressors and the person's organ reserve is depleted, the physiological toll of those stressors can:

answer

speed up the heart.

question

With which coping style do people try to attack a stressor in some way?

answer

problem-focused

question

In which coping style do people try to change their attitude about a stressor?

answer

emotion-focused

question

Janyce, a 50-year-old woman, has several stressors in her life, so she turns to her friends in order to deal with the pressure. Which statement BEST explains the physiological phenomenon associated with her method of coping?

answer

Her body is producing oxytocin, a hormone that encourages caring interactions.

question

In the United States, after age 35 a person's life span increases________years for each year of education

answer

1.7

question

Which statement does NOT describe the effect of SES upon a person's life span?

answer

The impact of SES on life span is decreasing in the U.S.

question

In the United States, _________women are MOST apt to die from breast cancer, though the exact reasons why are unknown.

answer

African American

question

Which factor is NOT part of the hypothesis about why low SES is associated with poor health habits?

answer

the poor experience less stress

question

Diseases of affluence:

answer

are now more common among the poor.

question

Alicia, who is 31, arrived in the United States 6 months ago. She was accompanied by her daughter Maricela, age 8, and her mother, Rosita, age 55. They joined Danilo (Maricela's father) who has lived in the United States for the past 2 years. Statistically, which family member is at greatest risk for obesity

answer

Maricela

question

In comparing individuals from the same ethnic groups, immigrants are statistically______than native born individuals.

answer

healthier and poorer

question

Which psychologist proposed the existence of g?

answer

Spearman

question

The term g refers to:

answer

general intelligence.

question

Research that analyzes the cognitive development of the same individuals as they develop over the years is called:

answer

longitudinal research.

question

A problem with cross-sectional research is that:

answer

cohort differences can make it difficult to differentiate between developmental change and contextual differences.

question

The Flynn effect refers to the:

answer

rise in average IQ over the generations.

question

The Wilson family is having a big reunion and four generations of Wilsons are expected to attend. Applying the Flynn effect to this family, we would expect that:

answer

the fourth generation of Wilsons would score the highest on a standard IQ test.

question

The Flynn effect is MOST likely due to changes in:

answer

nutrition, education, and health.

question

A psychologist who is studying the mathematical abilities of adults finds significant differences between the scores of adults born 50 years ago, when rote learning was stressed, and those born 25 years ago, when more "progressive" approaches to education were popular. This is an example of a(n):

answer

cohort difference.

question

The research design that involves testing groups of subjects of different ages multiple times and comparing their scores with their own scores in previous periods in addition to the scores of new groups of adults of the same ages is called:

answer

cross-sequential research.

question

Schaie's cross-sequential research on intellectual development demonstrated that:

answer

individuals improve in most mental abilities during adulthood.

question

The two researchers who concluded that fluid and crystallized intelligence are the most crucial aspects of intelligence were:

answer

Cattell and Horn.

question

The basic intelligence that makes learning quick and thorough is referred to as________intelligence.

answer

fluid

question

Which statement about fluid intelligence is true?

answer

It is quick and flexible

question

Fluid intelligence includes:

answer

the speed of processing mathematical information.

question

Which is the best example of fluid intelligence?

answer

the ability to quickly recognize relationships between words

question

Which example relies MOST heavily upon crystallized intelligence?

answer

knowing the chemical symbols for various elements

question

Analytic intelligence involves:

answer

abstract planning, focused attention, and verbal and logical skills.

question

When students take multiple-choice exams, they are using the form of intelligence that Sternberg calls:

answer

analytic.

question

Creative intelligence requires ________thinking

answer

divergent

question

Which of Sternberg's three forms of intelligence is sometimes called "street smarts"?

answer

practical

question

Practical intelligence would be needed to:

answer

understand the needs of family members.

question

Betty is a retired registered nurse who fills in at the local hospital when the staff is in need of nurses. She is frequently called in without advance notice and must take over without any time to get oriented. Betty must rely on what Sternberg calls ________intelligence.

answer

practical

question

Over the long run,______intelligence is prized whenever life circumstances change or new cahallengs arise.

answer

creative

question

The Mullers have just had a baby. Both parents must now adapt to the new demands of caring for an infant. This will require the form of intelligence that Sternberg calls:

answer

practical.

question

Which type of intelligence is usually MOST valued during high school and college?

answer

analytic

question

What does the KIDI scale measure?

answer

Knowledge of Infant Development

question

When supportive, encouraging people visited low-income mothers, the result was an:

answer

improvement in the mothers' ability to create an appropriate environment.

question

Baltes and Baltes found that adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities through the process of:

answer

selective optimization with compensation.

question

For a typical middle-aged adult, intelligence usually increases:

answer

in the specific areas that reflect his or her interest.

question

Which is the BEST example of an adult using selective optimization with compensation?

answer

Bettie, who uses sticky note reminders in her home, office, and car

question

Paula is a middle-aged doctor who is an expert at laser eye surgery for the correction of myopia (nearsightedness). She graduated from medical school 35 years ago. Daryl is a young doctor who also does the surgery; he graduated from medical school 5 years ago. According to the textbook, who would likely be the better choice for operating on your eyes?

answer

Paula; she has done the operation so often that she is more strategic and flexible

question

When developmentalists use the term "expert," they usually mean a person who:

answer

is significantly better than others at performing a certain task.

question

To solve a problem in his or her special area, the expert is more likely than the novice to:

answer

rely on past experiences

question

Compared to novices, experts typically:

answer

are more intuitive.

question

When the thought required for an action has become routine, and it appears that most aspects of the task are performed instinctively, the performance of the task is:

answer

automatic.

question

Thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought is_____processing.

answer

automatic

question

Experts tend to be intuitive, automatic,______,and ______in their thinking.

answer

strategic; flexible

question

Ken is a highly skilled electrician and Gwen is his new apprentice. When unexpected problems occur as they work on complex wiring projects, the MOST critical difference between their approaches in successfully completing the job is:

answer

Ken's automatic processing.

question

Which statement about age and expertise is true

answer

Expertise can overcome some of the detrimental effects of age but not all.

question

Research on taxi drivers in London indicates that drivers with more experience:

answer

had brains that adjusted to the need for a particular kind of knowledge.

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