C15 – Bureaucracy – Flashcards
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Bureaucracy
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a large, complex administrative structure that handles the everyday business of an organization
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Bureaucrat
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person working within a bureaucracy
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Hierarchical Authority
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structured as a pyramid with a chain of command running from the top of the pyramid and down the sides
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Job Specialization
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each person who works from the organization, has certain defined duties and responsibilities; specialization and knowledge about specific duties
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Formalized Rules
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bureaucracy does its work according to a number of established regulations and procedures
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Executive Branch
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nearly all of the federal bureaucracy is located where?
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Department
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term reserved for agencies of cabinet rank
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Agency (or Administration)
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term used to refer to any governmental body
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Commission
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term usually given to agencies with the regulation of business activities
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Corporation (or Authority)
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term given to those agencies that conduct business like activities
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Bureau (or Service, Office, Branch)
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term given to major elements in a department
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the executive office of the President, the 15 cabinet Departments, and a large number of independent agencies
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The executive branch is composed of which three broad groups of agencies?
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Staff Agency
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serves as a support capacity, offering advice and other assistance in the management of the organization
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Line Agency
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actually performs the tasks for which the organization exists
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15
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how many cabinet departments are there?
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OMB (Office of Management and Budget)
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which cabinet department is the largest?
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White House Office
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"nerve center" of executive branch
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Federal Budget
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a very detailed estimate of receipts and expenditures for the next fiscal year, a 12-month period that begins on October 1st and ends September 30th.
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EOP (Executive Office of the President)
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an "Umbrella" Agency, a complex organization staffed by the President's closest advisors and assistants
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OMB (Office of Management and Budget)
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prepares federal budget
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Office of National Drug Control Policy
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prepares annual national drug control strategies
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Council of Economic Advisors
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chief executive's major source of information and advice on the state of the nation's economy and helps president prepare for annual Economic Report to Congress
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Office of Policy Development
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Advises president on all domestic affairs
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Council on Environmental Quality
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aids President in environmental policy and in writing the annual "state of the environment" report to Congress; it also sees that federal agencies comply with presidential policy and the nation's environmental laws
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Office of the Vice President
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an office which houses more than 50 people who help the VP perform its duties
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Office of the United States Trade Representative
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advises the chief executive in all matters of foreign trade
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Office of Science and Technology Policy
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President's major advisor in all scientific, engineering, and other technological matters
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Office of Administration
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general housekeeping agency for all units in the Executive Office; provides support services needed to do various jobs within the Executive Office
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Pyramid
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what is the structural shape of a bureaucracy?
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Fiscal Year
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the 12-month period used by the government and business for record-keeping, budgeting, and other financial management purposes
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Domestic Affairs
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all matters of a nation that are not connected to foreign affairs
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Department of State, Treasury, and War
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what were the original three departments created by Congress?
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Secretary
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who heads every department (except Department of Justice)?
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Attorney General
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who heads the Department of Justice?
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Department of State
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Which department is the oldest and most prestigious?
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Department of Defense
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Which department is the largest?
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Department of Health and Human Services
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Which department has the largest budget, accounting for about 25% of all federal spending each year?
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Department of Energy
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Which department conducts nuclear weapons research and production?
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Department of Interior
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Which department operates hydroelectric power plants?
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Department of Agriculture
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Which department administers the food stamp program?
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Department of Treasury
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Which department enforces alcohol, tobacco, and firearms laws?
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Party, Professional Qualification, Interest Groups, Practical Experience, Geography, Gender, Race, and Other Personal Characteristics
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What are some factors presidents consider when picking their cabinet secretary nominees?
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Administrative Head of a Department and Advisors to the President
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What are the cabinets two main jobs?
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Department of State
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advises the president on foreign policy, negotiates agreements with foreign countries, represents the US abroad in international organizations
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Department of Treasury
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produces coins and bills collects taxes, borrows money and manages public debt, enforces alcohol, tobacco, and firearms laws
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Department of Defense
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provides military forces to protect national security and deters war
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Department of Justice
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prosecutes violations of federal law, provides legal advice to the president, represents the United States in court (ie: U.S. vs. _____), operates federal prisons
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Department of Interior
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manages public lands, wildlife refuges, and national parks, operates hydroelectric power plants, helps Native Americans manage their affairs
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Department of Agriculture
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manages national forests, inspects food, assists farmers and ranchers, administers food stamp and school lunch programs
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Department of Commerce
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conducts the census, grants patents and registers trademarks, promotes international trade, economic growth, and technological development
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Department of Labor
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enforces federal laws on minimum wages, maximum hours, and safe working conditions, operates job training programs, administers unemployment and workers' compensation programs
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Department of Health and Human Services
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funds health care research programs, conducts programs to prevent and control disease, enforces pure food and drug laws, administers Medicare and Medicaid
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Department of Housing and Urban Developement
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operates home-financing and public housing programs, enforces fair housing laws
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Department of Transportation
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administers programs to promote and regulate highways, mass transit, railroads, waterways, and air travel, administers oil and gas pipelines
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Department of Energy
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promotes production of renewable energy, fossil fuels, and nuclear energy, transmits and sells hydroelectric power, conducts nuclear weapons research and production
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Independent Agencies
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a federal agency that operates independently of the 15 executive departments
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Independent Executive Agency
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the largest category of independent federal agencies, which include most of the non-Cabinet agencies
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Civil Service
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the collective name given to the majority of civilians who work directly for the federal government
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Patronage
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he practice of handing out jobs, contracts, and other government favors to political supporters and friends
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Spoils System
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another name for the patronage system, dating back to the administration of Andrew Jackson
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Draft
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compulsory, or required, military service; also called conscription
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1. Congress decides purpose for which public agencies exist and functions they perform 2. Public agencies are financed by public funds made by congress, not private investors 3. Public employees: president selects and senate approves
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What are some differences between corporations and private sectors?
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Independent Regulatory Commission
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one of 11 agencies that monitor and police key aspects of the national economy, with little direction from the President
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Government Corporations
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government agency set up by Congress to carry out certain business-like activities
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Appointed by President and Approved by Senate
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how are board or commission members inducted?
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President
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who appoints people to cabinet jobs in the executive branch?
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Andrew Jackson
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"Father of the Patronage System"
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1. Rewarding loyal supporters with government jobs 2. limited federal jobs to 4 years 3. furthered democracy by putting new people in government positions 4. "the spoils belong the victors"
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How did President Andrew Jackson defend the spoils system?
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President Arthur
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responsible for pushing congress to pass civil service reform; passed Pendleton Act (Civil Service Act of 1883)
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2/3
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How many people who work for the federal government are civilians?
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Merit System
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main purpose was to make merit (quality of one's work) the basis for hiring, promotion, and other personnel actions. This was to be measured by practical examinations given by an independent agency. Today nearly 90% (of 2.7 million) are covered by the system
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Office of Personal Management
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the government's central personnel agency
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Merit System Protection Board
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what bipartisan independent agency enforces the merit principle?
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Selective Service System
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war drafting system
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Fertility
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Advantage of government cooperation? (from jeopardy game)
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Ginnie Mae
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Another name for the Government National Mortgage Association? (from jeopardy game)
