Business Test Chapters 7-10 – Flashcards

question
Which of the following is involved in setting work standards in schedules needed to implement the firms tactical objective?
answer
Operation Planning
question
A _____ would be used by a department manager as a tool for making daily and weekly assignments
answer
Operation Plan
question
Strategic planning looks at the organization as a whole while ___ planning focuses on daily tasks and decisions
answer
operational
question
_____ planning is a part of contingency planning that is used to deal with sudden and unexpected changes in the business environment.
answer
crisis
question
_____ is choosing among two or more alternatives
answer
Decision Making
question
In a company in which an effective vision has been provided,
answer
Employees are likely to have a sense of purpose and a common set of values
question
Small business organizations lack the size required to reap the benefits of labor specialization. True or False
answer
False
question
Departments are functional units within the business such as sales, accounting, finance, and marketing. True or False
answer
True
question
Springfield National bank organizes its loan operations based on the market served , such as consumer, small businesses, and non-profit organizations. Departmentalization based on _____ allows springfield to better serve borrowers with different needs.
answer
Customer group
question
Question #41, what is the answer? A, B, C, or D
answer
Answer is D
question
The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied is known as the _____
answer
Hawthorne effect
question
Which of the following statements about worker motivation is most consistent with the findings of the Hawthorne studies?
answer
Employees are more motivated if they feel they are part of a social project or group
question
The concept that a hierarchy of human needs can be used to explain motivation was developed by _________
answer
Maslow
question
Maslow classified the needs for basic items such as food, water, and shelter as __________
answer
physiological needs
question
which of the following descriptions more appropriately reflects the way that GenXers prefer to communicate at work?
answer
through email
question
If fun and stimulation are rated as important job criteria by millennials, which of the following might be a way to motivate this generation?
answer
provide opportunity for innovation in job rotation
question
Three elements were basic to Taylor's approach; time, method, and rules of work. True or False
answer
True
question
Taylor's goal was to find ways to improve workers motivation by making work more interesting and challenging. True or False
answer
False
question
Managing a growing business often requires managers to create departments to accomplish various tasks. True or False
answer
True
question
Since motivation comes from within an individual, there is little that managers can do to motivate employees. True or False
answer
False
question
Organizing the structure of the company means deciding how many jobs need to be done and who is responsible for doing them. True or False
answer
True
question
If you have managerial skills and leadership ability, you also possess the personality to be an entrepreneur. True or False
answer
False
question
Most entrepreneurs get the idea for their products and service from a flash of inspiration. True or False
answer
False
question
Question #26
answer
Answer is FALSE
question
Theory X managers are likely to believe that:
answer
the average person dislikes work and will seek to avoid it when possible.
question
The practice of moving employees from one job to another to make work more interesting is called:
answer
job rotation
question
A key element of Taylor's approach was the time and motion study, which examined the tasks performed to complete a job and the time needed to complete each task. True or False?
answer
True
question
Taylor based his approach on the belief that each worker was an individual who should be treated as a unique asset to the firm. True or False?
answer
False
question
Elton Mayo is known as the father of scientific management. True or False?
answer
False. Frederick Taylor is.
question
What is Management?
answer
The process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling people and other organizational resources.
question
What are some of the changes happening in management today?
answer
Managers are giving more independence to employees; instead of giving orders they are coaching and mentoring and guiding, training, supporting employees; they are team players; they emphasize team work and cooperation over giving orders and disciplining.
question
What are the four primary functions of management?
answer
Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling.
question
What is a SWOT analysis?
answer
It asses a businesses Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
question
What are the four types of planning?
answer
Strategic, Tactical, Operational, Contingency
question
What is strategic planning?
answer
The process of determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals. Managers determine Who to, What, When, and Where to sell their product or service.
question
What is Tactical Planning?
answer
The process of developing detailed, short-term statements about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done. Essentially, this is the part of planning that begins to take action on the strategic objectives.
question
What is Operational Planning?
answer
The process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the company's tactical objectives. Breaks down by department, setting standards and schedules for what needs to be done and by whom.
question
What is Contingency Planning?
answer
the process of preparing alternative courses of action the firm can use if its primary plans don't work out.
question
What is PMI?
answer
Listing all the pluses for a solution in one column, all the minuses in another, and the implications in a third column.
question
What's the difference between goals and objectives?
answer
Goals are the long-term accomplishments the business wishes to attain, and objectives are short term accomplishments or statements that show or determine how the business will reach their goals.
question
What are the six D's of Decision making?
answer
1. Define the situation. 2. Describe and collect needed information. 3. Develop alternatives. 4. Decide which alternative is best. 5. Do what is indicated (begin implementation). 6. Determine whether the decision was a good one, and follow up.
question
What three categories of skills must a manager have?
answer
Technical skills, Human Relations Skills, and Conceptual skills
question
What is Transparency?
answer
The presentation of a company's facts and figures in a way that is clear and apparent to all stakeholders.
question
What is Autocratic Leadership?
answer
Leadership style that involves making managerial decisions without consulting others.
question
What is Participative or Democratic Leadership?
answer
Leadership style that consists of managers and employees working together to make decisions.
question
What is Free-Reign Leadership?
answer
Leadership style that involves managers setting objectives and employees being relatively free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives.
question
How does Enabling help to achieve empowerment?
answer
It provides the employee with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to be able to take part in empowerment, which would be to make important decisions without the guidance or orders from a higher up.
question
What are the five steps in the control process?
answer
1. Establish Clear standards. 2. Monitor and Record performance. 3. Compare results against standards. 4. Communicate the results. 5. If needed, take corrective action; give praise for good work done.
question
What is the difference between internal and external customers?
answer
External customers are those that buy products to sell to others and for personal use; internal customers are those that work within a department in an organization that receive services from other units or departments.
question
What is knowledge management?
answer
Knowledge management is finding the right information, keeping the information in a readily accessible place, and making the information known to everyone in the firm.
question
What is Economies of Scale
answer
The situation in which companies can reduce their production costs if they can purchase raw materials in bulk; the average cost of goods goes down as production levels increase.
question
Fayol's Principles of Organization
answer
the idea that each worker should report to only one manager and that managers, in turn, should have the right to give orders for others to follow and the power to enforce them. Division of labor(departments); -Unity of command -Hierarchy of authority -Division of labor -Subordination of individual interests to the general interest -Authority -Degree of centralization -Clear communication channels -Order -Equity -Esprit de corps
question
Max Weber and Organizational Theory
answer
an organizational structure composed of middle managers who implement the orders of top managers. He believed less-educated workers were best managed if managers or supervisors gave them strict rules and regulations to follow and monitored their performance.; was in favor of "bureaucracy" ; -Job descriptions -Written rules, decision guidelines and detailed records -Consistent procedures, regulations and policies -Staffing and promotion based on qualifications.
question
What is a Heirarchy?
answer
A system in which one person is at the top of the organization and there is a ranked or sequential ordering from the top down of managers who are responsible to that person
question
What is Chain of Command?
answer
The line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level.
question
What is an Organizational Chart?
answer
A visual device that shows relationships among people and divides the organization's work; it shows who reports to whom.
question
What is Bureaucracy?
answer
An organization with many layers of managers who set rules and regulations and oversee all decisions.
question
What does Division of Labor mean?
answer
Dividing the different tasks of a job among workers.
question
What does Job Specialization mean?
answer
dividing tasks into smaller jobs; creating groups etc.
question
Why are organizations becoming flatter?
answer
To improve customer satisfaction and satisfy demands quicker and also to keep up with managerial changes that includes empowering lower level workers and supervisors.
question
What are some reasons for having a narrow span of control in an organization?
answer
Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a manager supervises. Generally, the span of control narrows at higher levels of the organization, because work becomes less standardized and managers need more face-to face communication.
question
What are the advantages of Departmentalization?
answer
Departmentalization may reduce costs, since employees should be more efficient; employees can develop skills in depth and progress within a department as they master more skills; the company can achieve economies of scale by centralizing all the resources it needs and locating various experts in that particular area; employees can coordinate work within the function; and top management can easily direct and control various departments' activities.
question
What are disadvantages of Departmentalization?
answer
Communication is inhibited; employee's may identify with their department's goals rather than the organization's; the company's response may be slowed by departmentalization; employees tend to be narrow specialists; department members may engage in groupthink and may need input from the outside to become more competitive.
question
What are the 6 various ways an organization can Departmentalize?
answer
customer group, product, functional, geographic, process, and hybrid.
question
What is Line Organization?
answer
An organization that has direct two-way lines of responsibility, authority, and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor.
question
What are Line and Staff Organization?
answer
Line Personnel: Employees who are part of the chain of command that is responsible for achieving organizational goals. Staff Personnel:Employees who advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals.
question
What is a Matrix Organization?
answer
An organization in which specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to work on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and-staff structure.
question
What are Cross-Functional Self-Managed Teams?
answer
Groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis.
question
What's the difference between line and staff personnel?
answer
Line personnel are responsible for directly achieving organizational goals. Line personnel include production workers, distribution people, and marketing personnel. Staff personnel advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals.
question
What management principle does a matrix-style organization challenge?
answer
The flexibility inherent in the matrix-style organization directly challenge the rigid line and line-and-staff organization structures.
question
What's the main difference between a matrix-style organization's structure and the use of cross-functional teams?
answer
The main difference between matrix-style organization and cross-functional teams is that cross-functional teams tend to be long-lived as compared to the temporary and fluid nature of teams in a matrix-style organization.
question
What is Benchmarking?
answer
Comparing an organization's practices, processes, and products against the world's best.
question
What are core competencies?
answer
Those functions that the organization can do as well as or better than any other organization in the world.
question
What is an inverted organization?
answer
An inverted organization has employees who come into contact with customers at the top of the organization and the chief executive officer at the bottom. A manager's job is to assist and support frontline people, not tell them what to do.
question
Why do organizations outsource functions?
answer
If an organization is not able to efficiently perform the function themselves they will outsource the function. Outsourcing is the process of assigning various functions, such as accounting, production, security, maintenance, and legal work, to an outside firm. The goal is to retain the functions that the organization considers its core competencies.
question
What is organizational culture?
answer
Organizational or corporate culture is the widely shared values within an organization that create unity and cooperation. Usually the culture of an organization is passed to employees via stories, traditions, and myths.
question
How can US businesses maintain a competitive edge?
answer
Focusing on the needs of customers, maintaining a close relationship with suppliers to make sure they are meeting customer needs, practicing continuous improvement, focusing on quality, saving on costs through better site selection, using new technologies, adopting new production techniques.
question
What must U.S. companies do to continue to strengthen the country's manufacturing base?
answer
To strengthen the nation's manufacturing base will require an adjustment and recognition of the new realities in manufacturing. This will require focusing on new technologies, such as the green ventures discussed in your textbook.
question
What led companies to focus on operations management rather than production?
answer
One change is the shift from a manufacturing economy to one dominated by the service industry. Operations management is a more specialized area of management that converts resources into useful outputs.
question
What is Form Utility?
answer
The value producers add to materials in the creation of finished goods and services.
question
What is Process Manufacturing?
answer
manufacturing physically or chemically changes materials, such as turning sand into glass or computer chips
question
What is the Assembly Process
answer
puts together components to create a product.
question
What is the Continuous Process?
answer
process involves long production runs turning out finished goods over time. (Mass production)
question
What is an Intermittent Process?
answer
process involves short runs that respond directly to specific customer orders(more individual and custom production)
question
What is Mass Customization?
answer
is the process of tailoring products to meet the demands of a large number of individual customers
question
What are the major criteria for facility location?
answer
labor costs, availability of resources, access to transportation, proximity to customers, suppliers, crime rates, quality of life for employees and the cost of living, to mention but a few.
question
What's the difference between MRP and ERP?
answer
(MRP) is a computer-based operations management system that uses sales forecasts to make sure needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place. Enterprise resource planning (ERP), a newer version of MRP, combines the computerized functions of all the divisions and subsidiaries of the firm into a single integrated software program that uses a single database.
question
What's just-in-time inventory control?
answer
Just-in-time inventory systems keep a minimum of inventory on the premises and only deliver parts just as they are needed on the factory floor.
question
What are Six Sigma quality
answer
a quality-control standard which sets a benchmark of no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities.
question
What is the Baldridge Award?
answer
created in 1987 to promote a standard for overall quality in the following areas: manufacturing, services, small business, education, and health care.
question
What is ISO9000
answer
quality management and assurance standards
question
What is ISO14000
answer
Environment
question
How could you use a Gantt chart to keep track of production?
answer
This chart will give management a clear idea as to the status of the project and how much has been completed at any given time.
question
What is a PERT Chart?
answer
analyze the tasks to complete a given project, estimate the time needed to complete each, and compute the minimum time needed to complete the whole project.
question
What are the similarities and differences between Taylor's time-motion studies and Mayo's Hawthorne studies?
answer
Frederick Taylor's time-motion studies measured output. Taylor inspired the Hawthorne studies. Originally Elton Mayo wanted to determine the optimal level of lighting necessary to increase production on the factory floor which is a type of scientific management. He later determined that people who were empowered worked harder. Ultimately Mayo's study brought about behavioral management.
question
How did Mayo's findings influence scientific management?
answer
The findings at Hawthorne plant in Cicero, Illinois, completely changed how people thought about employees and motivation. One finding was that money was not a primary motivator. These new assumptions led to to many theories about the human side of motivation.
question
Explain the distinction between what Herzberg called motivators and hygiene factors.
answer
motivators made employees productive and gave them satisfaction. These factors related to job content. Hygiene factors related to the job environment and could, if left unattended, cause employee dissatisfaction but would not provide long-term motivation. Hygiene factors include such things as pay and working conditions.
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question
Which of the following is involved in setting work standards in schedules needed to implement the firms tactical objective?
answer
Operation Planning
question
A _____ would be used by a department manager as a tool for making daily and weekly assignments
answer
Operation Plan
question
Strategic planning looks at the organization as a whole while ___ planning focuses on daily tasks and decisions
answer
operational
question
_____ planning is a part of contingency planning that is used to deal with sudden and unexpected changes in the business environment.
answer
crisis
question
_____ is choosing among two or more alternatives
answer
Decision Making
question
In a company in which an effective vision has been provided,
answer
Employees are likely to have a sense of purpose and a common set of values
question
Small business organizations lack the size required to reap the benefits of labor specialization. True or False
answer
False
question
Departments are functional units within the business such as sales, accounting, finance, and marketing. True or False
answer
True
question
Springfield National bank organizes its loan operations based on the market served , such as consumer, small businesses, and non-profit organizations. Departmentalization based on _____ allows springfield to better serve borrowers with different needs.
answer
Customer group
question
Question #41, what is the answer? A, B, C, or D
answer
Answer is D
question
The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied is known as the _____
answer
Hawthorne effect
question
Which of the following statements about worker motivation is most consistent with the findings of the Hawthorne studies?
answer
Employees are more motivated if they feel they are part of a social project or group
question
The concept that a hierarchy of human needs can be used to explain motivation was developed by _________
answer
Maslow
question
Maslow classified the needs for basic items such as food, water, and shelter as __________
answer
physiological needs
question
which of the following descriptions more appropriately reflects the way that GenXers prefer to communicate at work?
answer
through email
question
If fun and stimulation are rated as important job criteria by millennials, which of the following might be a way to motivate this generation?
answer
provide opportunity for innovation in job rotation
question
Three elements were basic to Taylor's approach; time, method, and rules of work. True or False
answer
True
question
Taylor's goal was to find ways to improve workers motivation by making work more interesting and challenging. True or False
answer
False
question
Managing a growing business often requires managers to create departments to accomplish various tasks. True or False
answer
True
question
Since motivation comes from within an individual, there is little that managers can do to motivate employees. True or False
answer
False
question
Organizing the structure of the company means deciding how many jobs need to be done and who is responsible for doing them. True or False
answer
True
question
If you have managerial skills and leadership ability, you also possess the personality to be an entrepreneur. True or False
answer
False
question
Most entrepreneurs get the idea for their products and service from a flash of inspiration. True or False
answer
False
question
Question #26
answer
Answer is FALSE
question
Theory X managers are likely to believe that:
answer
the average person dislikes work and will seek to avoid it when possible.
question
The practice of moving employees from one job to another to make work more interesting is called:
answer
job rotation
question
A key element of Taylor's approach was the time and motion study, which examined the tasks performed to complete a job and the time needed to complete each task. True or False?
answer
True
question
Taylor based his approach on the belief that each worker was an individual who should be treated as a unique asset to the firm. True or False?
answer
False
question
Elton Mayo is known as the father of scientific management. True or False?
answer
False. Frederick Taylor is.
question
What is Management?
answer
The process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling people and other organizational resources.
question
What are some of the changes happening in management today?
answer
Managers are giving more independence to employees; instead of giving orders they are coaching and mentoring and guiding, training, supporting employees; they are team players; they emphasize team work and cooperation over giving orders and disciplining.
question
What are the four primary functions of management?
answer
Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling.
question
What is a SWOT analysis?
answer
It asses a businesses Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
question
What are the four types of planning?
answer
Strategic, Tactical, Operational, Contingency
question
What is strategic planning?
answer
The process of determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals. Managers determine Who to, What, When, and Where to sell their product or service.
question
What is Tactical Planning?
answer
The process of developing detailed, short-term statements about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done. Essentially, this is the part of planning that begins to take action on the strategic objectives.
question
What is Operational Planning?
answer
The process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the company's tactical objectives. Breaks down by department, setting standards and schedules for what needs to be done and by whom.
question
What is Contingency Planning?
answer
the process of preparing alternative courses of action the firm can use if its primary plans don't work out.
question
What is PMI?
answer
Listing all the pluses for a solution in one column, all the minuses in another, and the implications in a third column.
question
What's the difference between goals and objectives?
answer
Goals are the long-term accomplishments the business wishes to attain, and objectives are short term accomplishments or statements that show or determine how the business will reach their goals.
question
What are the six D's of Decision making?
answer
1. Define the situation. 2. Describe and collect needed information. 3. Develop alternatives. 4. Decide which alternative is best. 5. Do what is indicated (begin implementation). 6. Determine whether the decision was a good one, and follow up.
question
What three categories of skills must a manager have?
answer
Technical skills, Human Relations Skills, and Conceptual skills
question
What is Transparency?
answer
The presentation of a company's facts and figures in a way that is clear and apparent to all stakeholders.
question
What is Autocratic Leadership?
answer
Leadership style that involves making managerial decisions without consulting others.
question
What is Participative or Democratic Leadership?
answer
Leadership style that consists of managers and employees working together to make decisions.
question
What is Free-Reign Leadership?
answer
Leadership style that involves managers setting objectives and employees being relatively free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives.
question
How does Enabling help to achieve empowerment?
answer
It provides the employee with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to be able to take part in empowerment, which would be to make important decisions without the guidance or orders from a higher up.
question
What are the five steps in the control process?
answer
1. Establish Clear standards. 2. Monitor and Record performance. 3. Compare results against standards. 4. Communicate the results. 5. If needed, take corrective action; give praise for good work done.
question
What is the difference between internal and external customers?
answer
External customers are those that buy products to sell to others and for personal use; internal customers are those that work within a department in an organization that receive services from other units or departments.
question
What is knowledge management?
answer
Knowledge management is finding the right information, keeping the information in a readily accessible place, and making the information known to everyone in the firm.
question
What is Economies of Scale
answer
The situation in which companies can reduce their production costs if they can purchase raw materials in bulk; the average cost of goods goes down as production levels increase.
question
Fayol's Principles of Organization
answer
the idea that each worker should report to only one manager and that managers, in turn, should have the right to give orders for others to follow and the power to enforce them. Division of labor(departments); -Unity of command -Hierarchy of authority -Division of labor -Subordination of individual interests to the general interest -Authority -Degree of centralization -Clear communication channels -Order -Equity -Esprit de corps
question
Max Weber and Organizational Theory
answer
an organizational structure composed of middle managers who implement the orders of top managers. He believed less-educated workers were best managed if managers or supervisors gave them strict rules and regulations to follow and monitored their performance.; was in favor of "bureaucracy" ; -Job descriptions -Written rules, decision guidelines and detailed records -Consistent procedures, regulations and policies -Staffing and promotion based on qualifications.
question
What is a Heirarchy?
answer
A system in which one person is at the top of the organization and there is a ranked or sequential ordering from the top down of managers who are responsible to that person
question
What is Chain of Command?
answer
The line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level.
question
What is an Organizational Chart?
answer
A visual device that shows relationships among people and divides the organization's work; it shows who reports to whom.
question
What is Bureaucracy?
answer
An organization with many layers of managers who set rules and regulations and oversee all decisions.
question
What does Division of Labor mean?
answer
Dividing the different tasks of a job among workers.
question
What does Job Specialization mean?
answer
dividing tasks into smaller jobs; creating groups etc.
question
Why are organizations becoming flatter?
answer
To improve customer satisfaction and satisfy demands quicker and also to keep up with managerial changes that includes empowering lower level workers and supervisors.
question
What are some reasons for having a narrow span of control in an organization?
answer
Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a manager supervises. Generally, the span of control narrows at higher levels of the organization, because work becomes less standardized and managers need more face-to face communication.
question
What are the advantages of Departmentalization?
answer
Departmentalization may reduce costs, since employees should be more efficient; employees can develop skills in depth and progress within a department as they master more skills; the company can achieve economies of scale by centralizing all the resources it needs and locating various experts in that particular area; employees can coordinate work within the function; and top management can easily direct and control various departments' activities.
question
What are disadvantages of Departmentalization?
answer
Communication is inhibited; employee's may identify with their department's goals rather than the organization's; the company's response may be slowed by departmentalization; employees tend to be narrow specialists; department members may engage in groupthink and may need input from the outside to become more competitive.
question
What are the 6 various ways an organization can Departmentalize?
answer
customer group, product, functional, geographic, process, and hybrid.
question
What is Line Organization?
answer
An organization that has direct two-way lines of responsibility, authority, and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor.
question
What are Line and Staff Organization?
answer
Line Personnel: Employees who are part of the chain of command that is responsible for achieving organizational goals. Staff Personnel:Employees who advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals.
question
What is a Matrix Organization?
answer
An organization in which specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to work on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and-staff structure.
question
What are Cross-Functional Self-Managed Teams?
answer
Groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis.
question
What's the difference between line and staff personnel?
answer
Line personnel are responsible for directly achieving organizational goals. Line personnel include production workers, distribution people, and marketing personnel. Staff personnel advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals.
question
What management principle does a matrix-style organization challenge?
answer
The flexibility inherent in the matrix-style organization directly challenge the rigid line and line-and-staff organization structures.
question
What's the main difference between a matrix-style organization's structure and the use of cross-functional teams?
answer
The main difference between matrix-style organization and cross-functional teams is that cross-functional teams tend to be long-lived as compared to the temporary and fluid nature of teams in a matrix-style organization.
question
What is Benchmarking?
answer
Comparing an organization's practices, processes, and products against the world's best.
question
What are core competencies?
answer
Those functions that the organization can do as well as or better than any other organization in the world.
question
What is an inverted organization?
answer
An inverted organization has employees who come into contact with customers at the top of the organization and the chief executive officer at the bottom. A manager's job is to assist and support frontline people, not tell them what to do.
question
Why do organizations outsource functions?
answer
If an organization is not able to efficiently perform the function themselves they will outsource the function. Outsourcing is the process of assigning various functions, such as accounting, production, security, maintenance, and legal work, to an outside firm. The goal is to retain the functions that the organization considers its core competencies.
question
What is organizational culture?
answer
Organizational or corporate culture is the widely shared values within an organization that create unity and cooperation. Usually the culture of an organization is passed to employees via stories, traditions, and myths.
question
How can US businesses maintain a competitive edge?
answer
Focusing on the needs of customers, maintaining a close relationship with suppliers to make sure they are meeting customer needs, practicing continuous improvement, focusing on quality, saving on costs through better site selection, using new technologies, adopting new production techniques.
question
What must U.S. companies do to continue to strengthen the country's manufacturing base?
answer
To strengthen the nation's manufacturing base will require an adjustment and recognition of the new realities in manufacturing. This will require focusing on new technologies, such as the green ventures discussed in your textbook.
question
What led companies to focus on operations management rather than production?
answer
One change is the shift from a manufacturing economy to one dominated by the service industry. Operations management is a more specialized area of management that converts resources into useful outputs.
question
What is Form Utility?
answer
The value producers add to materials in the creation of finished goods and services.
question
What is Process Manufacturing?
answer
manufacturing physically or chemically changes materials, such as turning sand into glass or computer chips
question
What is the Assembly Process
answer
puts together components to create a product.
question
What is the Continuous Process?
answer
process involves long production runs turning out finished goods over time. (Mass production)
question
What is an Intermittent Process?
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process involves short runs that respond directly to specific customer orders(more individual and custom production)
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What is Mass Customization?
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is the process of tailoring products to meet the demands of a large number of individual customers
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What are the major criteria for facility location?
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labor costs, availability of resources, access to transportation, proximity to customers, suppliers, crime rates, quality of life for employees and the cost of living, to mention but a few.
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What's the difference between MRP and ERP?
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(MRP) is a computer-based operations management system that uses sales forecasts to make sure needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place. Enterprise resource planning (ERP), a newer version of MRP, combines the computerized functions of all the divisions and subsidiaries of the firm into a single integrated software program that uses a single database.
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What's just-in-time inventory control?
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Just-in-time inventory systems keep a minimum of inventory on the premises and only deliver parts just as they are needed on the factory floor.
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What are Six Sigma quality
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a quality-control standard which sets a benchmark of no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities.
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What is the Baldridge Award?
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created in 1987 to promote a standard for overall quality in the following areas: manufacturing, services, small business, education, and health care.
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What is ISO9000
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quality management and assurance standards
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What is ISO14000
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Environment
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How could you use a Gantt chart to keep track of production?
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This chart will give management a clear idea as to the status of the project and how much has been completed at any given time.
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What is a PERT Chart?
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analyze the tasks to complete a given project, estimate the time needed to complete each, and compute the minimum time needed to complete the whole project.
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What are the similarities and differences between Taylor's time-motion studies and Mayo's Hawthorne studies?
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Frederick Taylor's time-motion studies measured output. Taylor inspired the Hawthorne studies. Originally Elton Mayo wanted to determine the optimal level of lighting necessary to increase production on the factory floor which is a type of scientific management. He later determined that people who were empowered worked harder. Ultimately Mayo's study brought about behavioral management.
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How did Mayo's findings influence scientific management?
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The findings at Hawthorne plant in Cicero, Illinois, completely changed how people thought about employees and motivation. One finding was that money was not a primary motivator. These new assumptions led to to many theories about the human side of motivation.
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Explain the distinction between what Herzberg called motivators and hygiene factors.
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motivators made employees productive and gave them satisfaction. These factors related to job content. Hygiene factors related to the job environment and could, if left unattended, cause employee dissatisfaction but would not provide long-term motivation. Hygiene factors include such things as pay and working conditions.
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