question

the action of autonomous, informed person agreeing to submit to medical treatment or experimentation is known as...

answer

informed consent

question

the ability to render decisions about medical intervention is known as

answer

competence

question

the patient's voluntary and deliberate giving up of the right of informed consent

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waiver

question

the withholding of relevant information from a patient when the physician believes disclosure would likely do harm

answer

therapeutic privilege

question

credible and severe threat or harm or force to control another

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coercion

question

T or F incompetence does not come in degrees

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False

question

T or F In the 1970s courts began to insist that the adequacy of disclosure should be judged by what patients themselves find relevant to their situation.

answer

True

question

T or F informed consent requires that patients understand all the information given to them

answer

False

question

T or F the requirement of informed consent can be derived directly from Kantian ethics

answer

True

question

T or F philosophers have justified informed consent through appeals to the principles of autonomy and beneficence

answer

True

question

T or F Throughout medical history, physicians have practiced the healing arts while putting great emphasis on informed consent.

answer

False

question

T or F Many critics see huge discrepancies between the ethical ideal of informed consent and the laws or rules meant to implement it.

answer

True

question

T or F true informed consent is merely a matter of warning the patient of the risks of treatment

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False

question

T or F usually patients are presumed to be competent unless there are good reasons to think otherwise

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True

question

Patients are legitimately judged incompetent in cases of...

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mental retardation and dementia

question

physicians are often not obligated to provide disclosure in cases of

answer

waiver

question

The consent of an informed, competent, understanding patient cannot be legitimate unless it is given...

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without fear

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From a strictly Kantian viewpoint, therapeutic privilege is

answer

never permissible

question

an inactive or shame treatment is called

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placebo

question

Physicians who are in doubt about the relative merits of the treatments in a study are said to be a. Morally compromised

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in equipoise

question

The infamous experiment to study the damaging effects of untreated syphilis in 600 poor black men is known as

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the tuskegee study

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a scientific study designed to test a medical intervention in humans is known as

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clinical trial

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an indispensable feature of most clinical trials is

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blinding

question

T or F a widely accepted proviso in human research is that the use of placebos is unethical when effective treatments are already available

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true

question

T or F it is generally understood that consent to do research on children is not required

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false

question

T or F Probably the chief argument against the third-world AZT studies is that in using a placebo (no-treatment) group, some of the subjects were deprived of an effective treatment that could have prevented many babies from being infected with HIV.

answer

True

question

T or F for a clinical trial to be morally permissible, subjects must give their informed voluntary consent

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true

question

T or F it is generally agreed that subjects may not be paid under any circumstances

answer

False

question

T or F out of post WW II trial of Nazi doctors came the Nuremberg Code

answer

True

question

T or F properly conducted clinical trials provide the strongest and most trustworthy evidence of a treatments effectiveness

answer

True

question

T or F for most clinical trials, randomization is unnecessary

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False

question

T or F usually the safety and effectiveness of a treatment can be established by a single clinical trial

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false

question

T or F There is a substantial agreement in bioethics on the general morel principles that should apply to human research

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false

question

The use of placebos in control groups is...

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often cause for serious moral concern

question

The first article of the Nuremberg Code concerns...

answer

informed consent

question

Most official policies assert or assume that properly designed research in children is morally acceptable if...

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it is conducted for their sake

question

Research on mentally impaired is...

answer

unethical

question

The heart of modern doctrine of informed consent is..

answer

Kantian

question

The uniting of sperm and egg in a laboratory dish, instead of inside a woman's body, is called

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in vitro fertilization (IVF)

question

a woman who gestates a fetus for others, usually for a couple or another woman is called a...

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surrogate

question

the asexual production of a genetically identical entity from an existing one is known as..

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cloning

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the classic case of baby M concerned..

answer

surrogacy

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T or F IVF cycles pose health risks for both woman and child

answer

true

question

T or F the strongest arguments for IVF have appealed to individual autonomy or reproductive rights

answer

true

question

T or F probably the most pervasive and perhaps the strongest argument against surrogacy is that surrogacy arrangements amount to baby selling

answer

true

question

T or F genetic determinism is a myth

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true

question

T or F multiple pregnancies resulting from IVF cycles raise the risks of children's life and health

answer

True

question

T or F fertility clinics store frozen embryos but never destroy them

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False

question

T or F some have objected to IVF because of its potential for causing birth defeats and diseases in children

answer

True

question

T or F surrogate arrangements are generally simple and legally straightforward

answer

True

question

some argue against surrogacy by claiming that it amounts to..

answer

baby selling

question

Leon Kass argues that human cloning is dehumanizing because it

answer

amounts to the artificial manufacture of children as products

Biomedical ethics Test Questions – Flashcards

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