Biology Ch 3 – Flashcards
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The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called
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Ecology
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the combined portions of earth in which all living things exist is called the
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Biosphere
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All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a
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Population
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Which if he following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct
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Species make up populations, which make up communities
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The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is
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A community
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Which of the following is NOT a basic method used by ecologists to study the living world? Experimenting, classifying, modeling or observing?
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Classifying
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Which ecological inquiry method is an ecologist using when He or she enters an area periodically to count the population numbers of a certain species
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Observing
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Plants are
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Producers
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What is he original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems
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Sunlight
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The algae at the beginning of the food chain in figure 3-1are
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Producera
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An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a
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Autotroph
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Which of the following organisms does not require sunlight to live? Chemosynthetic bacteria, algae, trees or photosynthetic bacteria
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Chemosynthetic bacteria
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An organism that cannot make its own food is called a ?
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Heterotroph
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Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are called
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Decomposers
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What is an organism that feeds only on plants called
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Herbivore
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All the interconnected feeding relationships In an ecosystem make up a food
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Web
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The total amount of living tissue within a given tropic level is called the
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Biomass
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What animals eat both producers and consumers
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Omnivores
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A snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a
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Third-level consumer
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The tropic levels k. Figure 3-2 illustratw
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The relative number of individual organisms at each level
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Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism on be passed on to the next tropic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism's life processes, and the rest is
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Eliminated as heat
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Which type of pyramid shows the amount of living tissue at each tropic level in an ecosystem
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Biomass pyramid
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The repeated movement of water between earths surface and the atmosphere is called
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The water cycle
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What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia
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Nitrogen fixation
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Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes except Photosynthesis, transpiration, burning if fossil fuels or decomposition of plants and animals
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Transpiration
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Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by
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Bacteria
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Organisms need nutrients in order to
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Carry out essential life functions
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The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because
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Energy flows in one direction and nutrients recycle
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The rate at which organic matter is created by producers in an ecosystem is called
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Primary productivity
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Which is most likely to be a limiting nutrient in a freshwater pond?
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Phosphorus
