Biology 27-28 quizzes – Flashcards
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By pumping water over their gills, fish and aquatic mollusks
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promote diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Some mollusks are detritivores. Their main source of food comes from
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decaying plant and animal remains
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Gases diffuse most efficiently across a
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thin, moist, selectively permeable membrane.
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Mantle cavities, tracheal tubes, and book lungs are all types of respiratory structures in
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terrestrial invertebrates.
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An organism might rely on the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through their outer body covering if it is
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small and lives in water.
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Aquatic animals that strain floating plants and animals from the water that they live in are
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filter feeders
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An animal that relies on a digestive tract for digestion breaks down food by
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extracellular digestion only
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A parasite is a type of
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Symbiont
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Which of the following groups of animals has the most efficient gas exchange?
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Birds
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Look at the teeth in Figure 27-1. The teeth in this skull are best suited for
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grinding leaves
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A side-to-side movement of the jaws would be most useful in an animal that eats
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Grass
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Which of the following aquatic animals uses lungs to breathe?
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Dolphins
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A gastrovascular cavity is the
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body space in some invertebrates where digestive and circulatory functions occur.
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Intracellular digestion occurs when food is digested
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Inside specialized cells
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In what way does living on land present a challenge to terrestrial animals?
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They must keep their respiratory membranes moist, even in dry environments
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The white paste that birds excrete is
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Uric acid
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Many freshwater invertebrates eliminate ammonia by
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simple diffusion across the skin.
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Which of the following animals has a three-chambered heart? A. African bullfrog B. Garter snak C. Dog D. Trout
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A. African bullfrog
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Both oysters and squid are mollusks. Why is an open circulatory system adequate for an oyster but not for a squid?
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Oysters do not move around, but squid are very active.
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Why is double-loop circulation better for larger, more active animals than single-loop?
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It is difficult for single pump to force blood through the entire system of a large animal.
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How do saltwater fishes conserve water?
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Their kidneys produce small amounts of concentrated urine.
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As shown in Figure 27-3, the ventricle in a single-loop circulatory system is responsible for
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pumping blood out to the gills.
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Excretion is the process of
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removing metabolic wastes from the body
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Kidneys that can conserve water are essential to homeostasis because
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some animals live in dry or salty environments.
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Butterflies and house flies convert ammonia to uric acid in their
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Malpighian tubules.
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closed circulatory system is one in which
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blood flows through a system of blood vessels throughout the body
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Kidneys process nitrogenous wastes by
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pumping ions across membranes to separate water from waste products.
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In annelids, nitrogen-containing wastes are processed by
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nephridia
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Which of the following excretory processes do saltwater and freshwater fishes share?
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They both actively pump salt across their gills.
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A kangaroo rat conserves water by
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excreting highly concentrated urine and very dry feces.
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In the open circulatory system of some mollusks, blood is found
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in blood vessels and sinuses.
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In vertebrates with a double-loop circulation as illustrated in Figure 27-4, the loop that passes through the lungs is responsible for
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exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen from the air.
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The part of the vertebrate nervous system that connects the brain and the rest of the body is called the
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Spinal chord
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A collection of sensory neurons and interneurons that are concentrated together is called
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Cephalization
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The part of your brain that is responsible for you responding to this question is the
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Cerebrum
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What does molting enable arthropods to do?
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To grow
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The more complex an animal's response to a stimulus, the more likely it is that the animal has
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Many interneurons
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Joints are a critical feature of both endoskeletons and exoskeletons because
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joints provide flexibility and freedom of movement.
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Which of the following characteristics is associated only with an endoskeleton?
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It grows with the animal
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Study Figure 28-2. The contraction of flexor muscles causes limbs to bend. The contraction of extensor muscles causes limbs to straighten. Based on this information, what is happening to the grasshopper's leg at point A?
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The extensor muscle in the femur is contracting and straightening the leg.
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Which of the following represents a neural circuit that would be involved in the response to a stimulus?
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sensory cell ??sensory neuron?? interneuron ?? motor neuron ?? muscle
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how a muscle moves an arthropod leg?
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A muscle contracts, pulling on a tendon which is attached to the inside of the exoskeleton.
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A tendon is a tough piece of connective tissue that
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connects muscles to bones.
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Study Figure 28-1. Which of the letters represents an interneuron?
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C
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Of the following choices, the simplest form of nervous system is a
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Nerve net
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The ability to navigate, hunt, and communicate by electric current in water most likely helps make up for the effect of dark, murky water on which sense?
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Vision
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If a butterfly touches sugar water with one of its legs, it usually will begin to feed. If it touches salt water, it usually will not feed. The most likely explanation for this difference in response is that butterflies
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have chemical receptors for taste on their legs.
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Information in the environment that causes an animal to react is
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A stimulus
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The compound eyes of insects
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detect color and form images.
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28.3-28.4??
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...
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The mammals whose offspring are little more than embryos are
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Marsupials
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A land snail is an animal that can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time. This animal
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is a hermaphrodite.
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One difference between monotremes and other types of mammals is that
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Monotremes secrete milk through pores on the surface of the mother's abdomen.
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The difference between an oviparous and ovoviviparous species is that
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only ovoviviparous embryos can hatch within the mothers' bodies.
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A good way for a lizard to conserve its body heat in cold, windy weather would be to
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retreat to an underground burrow.
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Parthenogenesis is a method of reproduction in which
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an egg develops without being fertilized by a sperm.
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The shells of amniotic eggs of birds, reptiles, and egg-laying mammals all share which of the following characteristics?
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They are waterproof.
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Gametes are formed by
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Meiosis
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Which of the following groups of animals only uses internal fertilization?
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Mammals
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Endocrine glands are responsible for
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Regulating body activities
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One advantage to being an ectotherm is that an ectotherm
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needs less energy to maintain homeostasis.
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An endotherm is an animal that
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regulates its body temperature partly by generating its own body heat.
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Study Figure 28-4. Which of the following conclusions about body temperature can be drawn from this graph?
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A lizard's body temperature is about the same as the temperature of its environment.
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External fertilization in chordates
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must take place in water.
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An animal's immune system must be able to tell the difference between
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body cells and pathogens.
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Synchronizing gamete release during external fertilization increases the chance that
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eggs will be fertilized.
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The type of development shown in Figure 28-3 is the result of
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Incomplete metamorphosis
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