question

Oxygen constantly diffuses from air or water into an animal's bloodstream. For this to happen, the concentration of oxygen in the blood must be?

answer

Lower than the concentration of oxygen in the air or water

question

In general more complex animals are?

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more likely to have a digestive tract than to have a gastrovascular cavity.

question

Humans have lungs with alveoli. This implies that humans

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have a higher metabolic rate than amphibians and reptiles

question

Which of the following statements is true about gas diffusion across respiratory membranes?

answer

Gases diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

question

By pumping water over their gills, fish and aquatic mollusks

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promote diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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Some mollusks are detritivores. Their main source of food comes from

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decaying plant and animal remains

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Gases diffuse most efficiently across a

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thin, moist, selectively permeable membrane.

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Mantle cavities, tracheal tubes, and book lungs are all types of respiratory structures in

answer

terrestrial invertebrates.

question

An organism might rely on the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through their outer body covering if it is

answer

small and lives in water.

question

Aquatic animals that strain floating plants and animals from the water that they live in are

answer

filter feeders

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An animal that relies on a digestive tract for digestion breaks down food by

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extracellular digestion only

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A parasite is a type of

answer

Symbiont

question

Which of the following groups of animals has the most efficient gas exchange?

answer

Birds

question

Look at the teeth in Figure 27-1. The teeth in this skull are best suited for

answer

grinding leaves

question

A side-to-side movement of the jaws would be most useful in an animal that eats

answer

Grass

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Which of the following aquatic animals uses lungs to breathe?

answer

Dolphins

question

A gastrovascular cavity is the

answer

body space in some invertebrates where digestive and circulatory functions occur.

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Intracellular digestion occurs when food is digested

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Inside specialized cells

question

In what way does living on land present a challenge to terrestrial animals?

answer

They must keep their respiratory membranes moist, even in dry environments

question

The white paste that birds excrete is

answer

Uric acid

question

Many freshwater invertebrates eliminate ammonia by

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simple diffusion across the skin.

question

Which of the following animals has a three-chambered heart? A. African bullfrog B. Garter snak C. Dog D. Trout

answer

A. African bullfrog

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Both oysters and squid are mollusks. Why is an open circulatory system adequate for an oyster but not for a squid?

answer

Oysters do not move around, but squid are very active.

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Why is double-loop circulation better for larger, more active animals than single-loop?

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It is difficult for single pump to force blood through the entire system of a large animal.

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How do saltwater fishes conserve water?

answer

Their kidneys produce small amounts of concentrated urine.

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As shown in Figure 27-3, the ventricle in a single-loop circulatory system is responsible for

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pumping blood out to the gills.

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Excretion is the process of

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removing metabolic wastes from the body

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Kidneys that can conserve water are essential to homeostasis because

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some animals live in dry or salty environments.

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Butterflies and house flies convert ammonia to uric acid in their

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Malpighian tubules.

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closed circulatory system is one in which

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blood flows through a system of blood vessels throughout the body

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Kidneys process nitrogenous wastes by

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pumping ions across membranes to separate water from waste products.

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In annelids, nitrogen-containing wastes are processed by

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nephridia

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Which of the following excretory processes do saltwater and freshwater fishes share?

answer

They both actively pump salt across their gills.

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A kangaroo rat conserves water by

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excreting highly concentrated urine and very dry feces.

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In the open circulatory system of some mollusks, blood is found

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in blood vessels and sinuses.

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In vertebrates with a double-loop circulation as illustrated in Figure 27-4, the loop that passes through the lungs is responsible for

answer

exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen from the air.

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The part of the vertebrate nervous system that connects the brain and the rest of the body is called the

answer

Spinal chord

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A collection of sensory neurons and interneurons that are concentrated together is called

answer

Cephalization

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The part of your brain that is responsible for you responding to this question is the

answer

Cerebrum

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What does molting enable arthropods to do?

answer

To grow

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The more complex an animal's response to a stimulus, the more likely it is that the animal has

answer

Many interneurons

question

Joints are a critical feature of both endoskeletons and exoskeletons because

answer

joints provide flexibility and freedom of movement.

question

Which of the following characteristics is associated only with an endoskeleton?

answer

It grows with the animal

question

Study Figure 28-2. The contraction of flexor muscles causes limbs to bend. The contraction of extensor muscles causes limbs to straighten. Based on this information, what is happening to the grasshopper's leg at point A?

answer

The extensor muscle in the femur is contracting and straightening the leg.

question

Which of the following represents a neural circuit that would be involved in the response to a stimulus?

answer

sensory cell ??sensory neuron?? interneuron ?? motor neuron ?? muscle

question

how a muscle moves an arthropod leg?

answer

A muscle contracts, pulling on a tendon which is attached to the inside of the exoskeleton.

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A tendon is a tough piece of connective tissue that

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connects muscles to bones.

question

Study Figure 28-1. Which of the letters represents an interneuron?

answer

C

question

Of the following choices, the simplest form of nervous system is a

answer

Nerve net

question

The ability to navigate, hunt, and communicate by electric current in water most likely helps make up for the effect of dark, murky water on which sense?

answer

Vision

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If a butterfly touches sugar water with one of its legs, it usually will begin to feed. If it touches salt water, it usually will not feed. The most likely explanation for this difference in response is that butterflies

answer

have chemical receptors for taste on their legs.

question

Information in the environment that causes an animal to react is

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A stimulus

question

The compound eyes of insects

answer

detect color and form images.

question

28.3-28.4??

answer

...

question

The mammals whose offspring are little more than embryos are

answer

Marsupials

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A land snail is an animal that can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time. This animal

answer

is a hermaphrodite.

question

One difference between monotremes and other types of mammals is that

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Monotremes secrete milk through pores on the surface of the mother's abdomen.

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The difference between an oviparous and ovoviviparous species is that

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only ovoviviparous embryos can hatch within the mothers' bodies.

question

A good way for a lizard to conserve its body heat in cold, windy weather would be to

answer

retreat to an underground burrow.

question

Parthenogenesis is a method of reproduction in which

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an egg develops without being fertilized by a sperm.

question

The shells of amniotic eggs of birds, reptiles, and egg-laying mammals all share which of the following characteristics?

answer

They are waterproof.

question

Gametes are formed by

answer

Meiosis

question

Which of the following groups of animals only uses internal fertilization?

answer

Mammals

question

Endocrine glands are responsible for

answer

Regulating body activities

question

One advantage to being an ectotherm is that an ectotherm

answer

needs less energy to maintain homeostasis.

question

An endotherm is an animal that

answer

regulates its body temperature partly by generating its own body heat.

question

Study Figure 28-4. Which of the following conclusions about body temperature can be drawn from this graph?

answer

A lizard's body temperature is about the same as the temperature of its environment.

question

External fertilization in chordates

answer

must take place in water.

question

An animal's immune system must be able to tell the difference between

answer

body cells and pathogens.

question

Synchronizing gamete release during external fertilization increases the chance that

answer

eggs will be fertilized.

question

The type of development shown in Figure 28-3 is the result of

answer

Incomplete metamorphosis

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