BIO ch. 6 test prep – Flashcards
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Why are lymph nodes often removed during surgery on a cancer patient?
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to determine if metastasis has occurred
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Which of the following is one way in which cancerous cells differ from normal cells?
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Cancer can invade surrounding tissues, but normal cells do not.
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Warts on the skin are localized lumps of cells that have replicated beyond normal limits. They generally are harmless and do not invade nearby tissues. Therefore, skin warts may be classified as ________.
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benign tumors
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The most common risk factor for nearly every type of cancer is ________.
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smoking
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What term describes a harmless, noncancerous or precancerous tumor?
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benign
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Which term describes a cancerous tumor?
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malignant
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________ is the cause of about one-third of all cancer deaths.
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Smoking tobacco
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The process by which cells of a malignant tumor can break away and start new cancers at distant locations is called ________.
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metastasis
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Cancer cells within which of the following biopsy samples would be the best indicator that the cancer has metastasized and is circulating through the bloodstream?
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lymph node
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Which of the following is not a known carcinogen?
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pet dander
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Which of the following is a risk factor for colon cancer?
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advanced age
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If a gene sequence in one strand of DNA reads ACCGTTCGA, then when the DNA is unwound and replicated, the newly created strand opposite of this will read ________.
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TGGCAAGCT
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Which of the following is an example of sexual reproduction?
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pollination in a sunflower during which pollen (containing sperm) is received by a female flower (containing an egg), resulting in a seed (the embryo).
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True or false: Sister chromatids carry copies of the same genes.
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True (Correct! Each sister chromatid is composed of a DNA molecule that contains the same genes. Review Section 6.2.)
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Consider a strand of DNA with the sequence GAATTCGGCA. What is the sequence of the complementary strand?
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CTTAAGCCGT
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Which of the following is a feature of DNA?
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The backbone of each strand is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
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A malfunction in the G1 phase of the cell cycle might lead to ________.
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a failure of the cell to grow properly in preparation for division
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Which of the following is the correct order of events in the cell cycle?
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G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis
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Most cells spend most of their time in which phase?
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interphase
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Which of the following statements about cancer is true?
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One mutation in a cell's DNA is usually not enough to cause the cell to become cancerous.
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A ________ is a surgical instrument used to perform biopsies.
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laparoscope
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A scientist who observes cancer cells under a microscope would likely see
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disorganized cells.
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Radiation therapy works primarily by
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damaging DNA in cells so that cells can no longer grow and divide.
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Most forms of chemotherapy target which feature of cancer cells?
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cell division
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The most common type of cancer that people in the United States die from is
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lung cancer.
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Different versions of the same gene are called
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alleles.
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A normal human cell containing 44 autosomes and two X chromosomes is a(n)
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somatic cell of a female.
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A normal human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is a(n)
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sperm cell.
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Genes that are located on the same chromosome are called
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linked genes.
