BIO ch. 6 test prep – Flashcards
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What term describes a harmless, noncancerous or precancerous tumor?
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benign
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Which term describes a cancerous tumor?
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malignant
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________ is the cause of about one-third of all cancer deaths.
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Smoking tobacco
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The process by which cells of a malignant tumor can break away and start new cancers at distant locations is called ________.
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metastasis
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Cancer cells within which of the following biopsy samples would be the best indicator that the cancer has metastasized and is circulating through the bloodstream?
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lymph node
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Which of the following is not a known carcinogen?
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pet dander
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Which of the following is a risk factor for colon cancer?
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advanced age
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If a gene sequence in one strand of DNA reads ACCGTTCGA, then when the DNA is unwound and replicated, the newly created strand opposite of this will read ________.
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TGGCAAGCT
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Which of the following is an example of sexual reproduction?
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pollination in a sunflower during which pollen (containing sperm) is received by a female flower (containing an egg), resulting in a seed (the embryo).
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True or false: Sister chromatids carry copies of the same genes.
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True (Correct! Each sister chromatid is composed of a DNA molecule that contains the same genes. Review Section 6.2.)
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Consider a strand of DNA with the sequence GAATTCGGCA. What is the sequence of the complementary strand?
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CTTAAGCCGT
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Which of the following is a feature of DNA?
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The backbone of each strand is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
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A malfunction in the G1 phase of the cell cycle might lead to ________.
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a failure of the cell to grow properly in preparation for division
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Which of the following is the correct order of events in the cell cycle?
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G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis
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Most cells spend most of their time in which phase?
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interphase
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Which of the following statements about cancer is true?
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One mutation in a cell's DNA is usually not enough to cause the cell to become cancerous.
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A ________ is a surgical instrument used to perform biopsies.
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laparoscope
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A scientist who observes cancer cells under a microscope would likely see
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disorganized cells.
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Radiation therapy works primarily by
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damaging DNA in cells so that cells can no longer grow and divide.
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Most forms of chemotherapy target which feature of cancer cells?
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cell division
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The most common type of cancer that people in the United States die from is
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lung cancer.
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Different versions of the same gene are called
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alleles.
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A normal human cell containing 44 autosomes and two X chromosomes is a(n)
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somatic cell of a female.
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A normal human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is a(n)
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sperm cell.
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Genes that are located on the same chromosome are called
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linked genes.
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