Bio ch. 12 Practice Test – Flashcards
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What is the preferred name of the technique used to determine if DNA comes from a particular individual?
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DNA profiling
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Retroviruses such as HIV use ___ to convert information stored in their RNA to information stored in DNA
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reverse transcriptase
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The feature of "sticky ends" that makes them especially useful in DNA recombination is their ability to
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form hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary single-stranded stretches of DNA
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In order for gene therapy to be permanent,
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the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply
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Which step in this process requires use of restriction enzymes?
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step B
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Genetic libraries can be constructed using either bacterial plasmids or what other vector?
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phages
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Segments of eukaryotic DNA that can move or be copied from one site to another in the genome are called
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transposable elements
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The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual, heat-resistant ___ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs
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DNA polymerase molecules
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Which step in the creation of cDNA involves the use of reverse transcriptase?
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step 3
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In the process of human gene cloning using recombinant plasmids, the bacterial plasmid
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functions as a vector
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What is the smallest number of cells needed to perform a successful DNA profile
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20
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Approximately what percentage of the human genome is identical to that of a chimpanzee
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98.8%
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A vaccine works by
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stimulating the immune system
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Golden rice is golden in color because it is in rich in
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beta-carotene
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The ___ approach to gene cloning employs a mixture of fragments from the entire genome of an organism
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shotgun
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The type of recombinant bacteria most often used to mass-produce genes is
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Escherichia coli
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A transgenic animal is
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an animal containing a gene from a third "parent," which may even be another species
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Which of the following has not been a significant issue in the creation of genetically modified (GM) organisms?
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the fact that GM organisms cannot be modified to prevent them from reproducing once they pass beyond the experimental stage
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If you commit a crime, you need to make sure that you do not leave even the smallest speck of blood, hair, or other organic matter from your body. If you do, the DNA in this material can be amplified by ___, subjected to genetic analysis, and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime
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PCR
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The only recombinant cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are
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mammalian cells
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The genetic variation of one nucleotide in at least 1% of the population is known as
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single nucleotide polymorphism
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Biotechnology
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has been around since the dawn of civilization
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Restriction enzymes specifically recognize and cut short sequences of DNA called
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restriction sites
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Gene therapy can currently be considered
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promising
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"Sticky ends" are
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DNA fragments with single-stranded ends
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The advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin is that
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human insulin is less likely to provoke an allergic reaction than cow, pig, or horse insulin
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DNA ligase binds
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nucleotides together
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The number of proteins in humans
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is much greater than the number of genes
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Which of the following statements about genetics is false?
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DNA technology limits genomic studies to prokaryotes
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A cDNA library differs from a genomic library in that
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cDNA libraries only contain information from active genes
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Which of the following statements regarding genetically modified organisms is false?
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Genetic modification of plants increases the amount of tillage and use of chemical insecticides
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An advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare a gene for cloning is that
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the resulting DNA strand will lack introns
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Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules on the basis of their
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size
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Which of the following statements regarding repetitive DNA is false?
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Repetitive DNA is identical in all humans
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In order to match the pilot's remains to the correct family using DNA profiling,
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each of the 13 STR bands must match
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A nucleic acid probe is
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a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene
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When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein,
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the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is returned to the bacterium by transformation
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___ are a major source of restriction enzymes
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Bacteria
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Approximately what percentage of human DNA is noncoding
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98.5%
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Which of the following pieces of evidence would be considered the best for establishing biological relatedness?
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a very close match in the DNA profile
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Which of the following statements about nucleic acid probes is false?
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A nucleic acid probe is a double-stranded section of DNA
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During the process of electrophoresis, the ___ functions like a thick filter,
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gel
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Why is the whole-genome shotgun method currently the tool of choice for analyzing genomes?
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It is fast and inexpensive
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When DNA fingerprinting was first used,
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the two semen samples did not match the person who initially confessed.
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Restriction enzymes
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cut DNA at specific sites
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When DNA from two sources is combined into one single piece of DNA, it is known as
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recombinant DNA
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Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?
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Scientists think that the typical human gene probably specifies just one polypeptide
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DNA fragments that have matching sticky ends are joined by covalent bonds formed by the action of
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DNA ligase
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Which of the following statements about genome sequencing is false?
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Most of the genomes that have been sequenced to date are eukaryotes
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Based on analysis of the STR sites shown, does the missing pilot belong to any of these three families?
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Yes, family 3 matches
