question

The environment does not affect humans' biological makeup.

answer

False

question

Physical anthropologists study only Africa, where humans evolved.

answer

False

question

___________ created the discipline of American anthropology.

answer

Franz Boas

question

Physical anthropology and biological anthropology are equivalent.

answer

True

question

Which of the following would a physical anthropologist NOT study to learn more about humans?

answer

Pottery and stone tools

question

Humankind is still evolving, but recent genetic changes are often less interesting to physical anthropologists than the striking evolutionary changes that differentiated our hominid ancestors from apes. What is a possible reason for this?

answer

Our species now completely depends on culture for its survival.

question

Physical anthropology is the study of human __________ and human _________.

answer

evolution / variation

question

Your best friend's great-uncle went missing in action during his Pacific tour of duty during World War II. Your friend wants to find out what happened to these enlisted men and women and to bring them home. What course of study would you suggest that your friend pursue in college?

answer

Forensic anthropology

question

New research in Ethiopia in 2001 changed the way we think about human origins by demonstrating that the earliest hominids lived in:

answer

Woodlands

question

The four branches of anthropology are:

answer

cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, archaeology, and linguistic anthropology.

question

Which of the following outlines the steps of the scientific method in their proper order?

answer

Identify a problem; state a hypothesis; collect data; test the hypothesis.

question

Modern humans lost the typical primate honing-canine used for food processing because of which invention?

answer

Stone tools

question

Your professor researches the Turkana pastoralists of Kenya, investigating both the genetic changes that allow them to easily digest milk and the role that dairy animals have played in their history. Your professor most likely uses which of the following methods in her research?

answer

Biocultural approach

question

Physical anthropology deals with all aspects of human biology, both past and present.

answer

True

question

A scientific theory is nothing more than a guess.

answer

False

question

For your physical anthropology research project, you report that you measured the length of 150 gorilla thighbones, and you suggest that the two groups you found represent different sexes. What problem might your professor have with this report?

answer

Your report does not attempt to test a hypothesis.

question

Comparing the skeletons of Aegyptopithecus and Oreopithecus, two extinct species of primates, can provide physical anthropologists information about the human past.

answer

True

question

The only source of new genetic material is

answer

Mutation

question

One of the theories put forth to explain the evolution of modern humans is that Homo sapiens arose more or less simultaneously in a variety of major geographical locales in the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) through interbreeding of populations. A criticism of this theory based on the forces of evolution is that

answer

There would have been insufficient gene flow among the relatively few Homo sapiens in the world to maintain a single gene pool.

question

Darwin believed that ________________ was the primary cause of evolution.

answer

Natural selection

question

The study of taxonomy was enriched by the work of

answer

Carolus Linnaeus.

question

This naturalist spent five years on the HMS Beagle.

answer

Charles Darwin

question

Your history professor is interested in genealogy and tells your class that, on his mother's side, he is descended from the original Amish population in Pennsylvania, a religious and insular group of people who tended to marry within their social circle. He also notes that many of his extended family members have the condition polydactyly, an extra finger or toe. The high frequency of polydactyly in your professor's ancestry is an example of _________________ in the Pennsylvania Amish.

answer

Genetic drift

question

Darwin studied species of ____________ in the ____________ Islands when coming up with his ideas about evolution

answer

Finches / Galapagos

question

The "peppered" moths of northern England range from light-colored to dark-colored. During the Industrial Revolution, soot and smoke covered trees, and the peppered moth population became predominantly dark-colored, as these moths were better able to avoid predation by blending into their surroundings. This example illustrates which force of evolution?

answer

Natural selection

question

The HMS Beagle, whose path is seen here, circumnavigated the globe.

answer

True

question

In a simplified example of eye color inheritance, B stands for the allele for brown eyes and is dominant. Blue eyes are represented by the recessive allele b. A child who inherits one of each allele from her parents will have the genotype Bb and therefore have brown eyes.

answer

True

question

Swine flu (H1N1) is the result of viral evolution.

answer

True

question

Your cousin insists that he ran into your doppelganger - the spitting image of you - at the mall. You counter this assertion with your knowledge of physical anthropology by replying that:

answer

Both Malthus and Darwin observed that variation exists within a species and no two members are exactly alike.

question

Darwin did not know about genes but believed that traits passed from parents to offspring by particles called

answer

Gemmules

question

According to Linnean taxonomy, humans are in the genus and species

answer

Homo sapiens

question

Darwin's ideas helped stimulate research in the fields of biology, genetics, comparative anatomy, and physical anthropology.

answer

True

question

While home for winter break, you start telling your grandmother about your physical anthropology class. She once heard about a man who became a bodybuilder and then produced muscular children, and she asks you to explain how this could happen. You say that

answer

This is an example of Lamarckism, which has some kernels of truth about evolution but is not a wholly accurate theory.

question

Uniformitarianism, an important idea in geology, was proposed by these two scientists.

answer

Hutton and Lyell

question

According to Linnean taxonomy, the most specific category and level shared by humans, gorillas, and howler monkeys is

answer

Suborder anthropoidea

question

Darwin's ideas about evolution and Mendel's research in genetics are combined into what we now call the idea of blending inheritance.

answer

False

question

The four forces of evolution are

answer

Gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, and natural selection.

question

What determines which genetic material is passed on?

answer

Independent assortment

question

Who discovered that DNA has a right twisted, double helix, ladderlike structure

answer

Watson and Crick

question

What is the concept that refers to the presence of two or more separate phenotypes for a certain gene in a population? And give an example

answer

Polymorphism, human blood

question

The somatic type of eukaryotic cells makes up

answer

Bone, muscle, skin, fat, hair, brain

question

Regulatory or functional proteins include

answer

Lactose, antibodies and testosterone

question

The largest organelles in a cell are the mitochondria.

answer

False, its the nucleus

question

As you're waiting at the doctor's office, you overhear another patient discussing with the doctor how unlucky he is to be going bald at such a young age. The doctor counters this assertion and explains that

answer

Luck has nothing to do with it; rather an SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) can code for susceptibility to baldness, so his problem is genetic.

question

Human and chimpanzee DNA is about _________ similar.

answer

98%

question

Blocks of genetic material that do not recombine and are passed on for generations are called

answer

Haplotypes

question

If one side of the DNA ladder includes the sequence CTAATGT, the complementary base configuration for this sequence will be

answer

GATTACA

question

This picture demonstrates that E. coli is a prokaryotic bacterium.

answer

True

question

In RNA, _________ replaces thymine as a nucleotide base.

answer

Uracil

question

The potato and the guinea pig have more chromosomes than humans do.

answer

True

question

Your friend who is also taking a physical anthropology class tells you over dinner one night that after learning about dominant and recessive traits, she is certain she is adopted, because

answer

Both of her parents have cleft chins, but she does not.

question

During a visit to the circus, you and a friend stumble into a tent with a "freaks of nature" display. Your friend points out a photograph of a man whose left arm is protruding from his left hip rather than from his shoulder. You explain to your friend that this condition was likely caused by a mutation in the man's

answer

Homeotic genes

question

In protein synthesis, ___________ refers to "unzipping" the DNA and ____________ refers to the formation of polypeptide chains.

answer

Transcription/translation

question

Is hair composed of functional proteins?

answer

False

question

The assertion that each parent provides one allele for any inherited trait is known as the Law of Segregation.

answer

True

question

If a man and a woman who both have the AB blood phenotype have a child, the one blood type that child cannot have is

answer

O

question

The human karyotype consists of ______ pairs of chromosomes.

answer

23

question

You and your roommate learned that you shared the same maternal ancestor 15,000 years ago in Europe after doing a genetic analysis on your respective

answer

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

question

An offspring with the chromosome pair XX will be

answer

Female

question

Structural proteins found in the human body are not responsible for what

answer

When you go through puberty

question

If you wanted to sequence the genome of Ötzi, the 5,300-year-old "Iceman" mummy found in the Alps in 1991, which method would you be most likely to use?

answer

PCR: polymerase chain reaction

question

Prokaryotes have multiple cells while eukaryotes have one.

answer

False

question

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) differs from ribonucleic acid (RNA) in that:

answer

It is the "recipe" for all biological characteristics and functions.

question

____________ is the production of body cells, whereas _________ is the production of sex cells.

answer

Mitosis / meiosis

question

_________ genes regulate embryonic development.

answer

Homeotic (Hox)

question

In his work on pea plants, Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently of the type or color of the seed coat. This finding:

answer

Applies to the law of independent assortment.

question

The two alleles that result in the expressed phenotype for hemoglobin are equally expressed. This is an example of:

answer

Codominance

question

Gametes are:

answer

Haploid

question

DNA:

answer

Directs cellular function.

question

The complete set of genes in an individual cell is called the genome.

answer

True

question

For the human sex chromosomes, males have

answer

An X chromosome and a Y chromosome.

question

The DNA molecule is made up of ____ chemical bases.

answer

4

question

Human ABO blood types are:

answer

Controlled by multiple alleles.

question

DNA replication produces:

answer

Two identical daughter cells.

question

Each parent contributes one allele at each locus to his or her offspring. This is known as Mendel's Law of

answer

Segregation

question

Heritability is a measure of the proportion of total variation that is related to ___________ variation.

answer

Genetic

question

Meiosis results in the production of:

answer

Four gametes.

question

Where does transcription occur?

answer

Occurs in the nucleus.

question

Hox genes:

answer

Appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.

question

Hemoglobin is an amino acid.

answer

False

question

A doctor finds that the mammary glands of a woman are not functioning due to a genetic abnormality that influences the structural design of the thoracic cavity. This is likely:

answer

The result of a mutation on a Hox gene.

question

In mammals, the male parent's gametes determine the sex of his offspring because:

answer

The Y chromosome is present in males only.

question

One chemical difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA has the base ___ instead of the base T.

answer

U

question

Imagine a species where there is a locus with two alleles, A and B. Further imagine that A and B are codominant. How many different phenotypes are possible in this species?

answer

3

question

Somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Sex cells

question

The expression of polygenic traits:

answer

Is determined by genes at several loci in conjunction with environmental factors.

question

Given that humans and apes share over 98 percent of their genetic material, it seems likely that their anatomical differences involve differences in __________ genes.

answer

Regulatory

question

Traits that are due, in part, to multiple loci are known as _________ traits.

answer

Polygenic

question

The MN blood group has two codominant alleles. How can a woman with type M blood have a child with type N blood?

answer

The woman could never have a child with type N blood.

question

The following are complementary bases in DNA:

answer

Adenine and thymine.

question

The ABO blood group has three alleles (A, B, O) where A and B are codominant and O is recessive. If a man with type O blood mates with a woman with type A blood, the expected proportion of heterozygotes among their offspring is ________ depending on the genotype of the woman.

answer

50 or 100 percent.

question

Homeotic (Hox) genes are:

answer

Responsible for the development and location of key body parts.

question

The gene pool includes only the beneficial traits in a population.

answer

False

question

The genotype that confers protection against malaria while allowing an individual to survive and reproduce is

answer

AS

question

An online article that your professor asked you to critique states that African Americans cannot contract malaria, even if they go to endemic areas, because of a genetic trait that confers protection from the disease. Your response is that this article is incorrect because

answer

Balanced polymorphism means that not all African Americans are heterozygous for the sickle cell trait.

question

At the end of last semester, your professor had a baby. In class, she notes that her baby weighed 7.2 lbs at birth. The other babies in the nursery that week weighed 7.0 lbs, 6.8 lbs, 9.2 lbs, 7.5 lbs, and 7.3 lbs. When she asks what phenomenon this pattern of birth weights represents, you raise your hand and correctly answer

answer

Stabilizing selection

question

Compared to the normal male karyotype, a man affected by Klinefelter's syndrome has

answer

One more X chromosome

question

Mutation is the only source of new genetic material.

answer

True

question

The two main types of mutations are

answer

Spontaneous and induced.

question

At Thanksgiving dinner, your dad tells the old story about how your great-grandmother's longevity was related to a daily breakfast of coffee and grapefruit plus broccoli every night with dinner. No one else in your extended family lived to over 100 like she did, and your dad insists that this is because everyone else in the family has failed in their attempt to follow her diet plan. You speak up this Thanksgiving and offer your hypothesis that the dietary failure of the subsequent generations suggests that

answer

Your great-grandmother was a PTC-nontaster whereas everyone else in your family can taste PTC.

question

What abnormality is not linked to malaria?

answer

Leucism

question

The three patterns of natural selection are

answer

Stabilizing, directional, and disruptive.

question

Another name for a reproductive population is

answer

Deme

question

Lactase deficiency is the most common protein deficiency in the world.

answer

True

question

Members of a population that can breed and produce viable offspring are considered to be of the same

answer

Species

question

The case of the peppered moth and industrial melanism during the Industrial Revolution in England illustrates

answer

Change in frequency of the nonmelanic genotype.

question

Your cousin just started a part-time job at a blood bank. He tells you that a surprisingly large number of Native Americans come in to donate blood. You explain to him that, based on what you learned in physical anthropology class, this is not all that surprising because

answer

Owing to a founder effect, many Native American populations have high frequencies of the O blood type.

question

A change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next is an example of evolution.

answer

True

question

If 70% of the hypothetical population passed along allele B, the dominant allele for brown eyes, and 30% passed along allele b, the recessive allele for blue eyes, the proportion of the subsequent generation with brown eyes would be ___________ given Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

answer

91%

question

Huntington's chorea is a genetically linked debilitating degenerative disorder with an onset usually after the fourth decade of life. The reason that this disease has not been eliminated through natural selection and is actually quite prevalent among communities in Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, is

answer

The onset of the disease after prime childbearing years means it is largely unaffected by natural selection.

question

Recent research indicates malaria was present in the Americas prior to Columbus.

answer

False

question

Populations in which reproduction within the group is encouraged are called

answer

Endogamous

question

What are the four forces of evolution?

answer

Mutation, gene flow, genetic drift and natural selection

question

According to Darwin natural selection acts on who?

answer

Individuals

question

When genetic drift happens in separate populations (no gene flow) what happens to the differences over time?

answer

The differences increase

question

When genetic drift happens in populations what happens to variation within the group over time (# of different alleles present)?

answer

The variation decreases

question

If we see changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next, what is happening?

answer

Evolution

question

Can diet and lifestyle change the expression of our genes?

answer

Yes, this is called epigenetics

question

What is the name of the rare form of albinism that affects an usually high number of people in Puerto Rico? What is this an example of?

answer

Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome type 1, founder effect

question

What is sickle cell disease?

answer

RBC are sickle shaped, stretched/deformed so they get stuck/clump together, can't fit through blood vessels, get torn up and oxygen isn't delivered to tissues, lots of pain

question

What is Tay Sachs disease?

answer

An incurable, unpreventable, pre programmed in genes disease, at 6 month baby loses control of body, head grows large, becomes blind and essentially a vegetable, dies before age 4

question

Name three groups that have abnormally high occurrences of Tay Sachs

answer

Eastern European Ashkenazium Jews, French Canadians, Dutch in PA

question

What other two diseases do Eastern European Jews have abnormally high occurrences of?

answer

Gauchers and Niemann Pick

question

Eastern European Jews with Tay Sachs have a less likely chance of having what?

answer

Tuberculosis

question

Natural selection is organisms trying to adapt. (T or F)

answer

False

question

What is sexual dimorphism?

answer

A sexually determined physical difference

question

What is a homology and give an example

answer

Body parts that spring from the same embryological parts but may have different functions. Whale's flippers, human hands, bat's wings

question

What is an analogy and give an example

answer

Body parts that serve the same function but have very different developmental origins. Wings in birds and insects

question

What are vestigial traits and give an example

answer

Leftover parts that seems to no longer serve a necessary function. The appendix in humans and wings for flightless birds such as the ostrich

question

What is meant by divergent evolution?

answer

Living things become more different overtime

question

What is meant by convergent evolution?

answer

Random mutation in living things might lead them to similar outcomes or to be more alike

question

What is the Mendelian Law of Segregation?

answer

One atom of inheritance comes from each parent

question

What is the Mendelian Law of Dominance?

answer

Some types of traits mask the effects of others, are dominant

question

What did Gregor Mendel study?

answer

How 7 traits were inherited in pea plants, concluded that offspring receive one discrete unit (gene) from each parent. But his observations did not support a blending theory for inheritance

question

What are body cells called?

answer

Somatic cells

question

What are sex cells called?

answer

Gametes

question

What is the production of body cells called?

answer

Mitosis

question

What is the production of sex cells called?

answer

Meiosis

question

DNA replication takes place only during the production of new gametes. (T/F)

answer

False

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