Beck’s Cognitive Therapy – Flashcards
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philosophical assumption of Beck's theory
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in order to understand the nature of an emotional episode, is is necessary to focus on the cognitive content
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automatic thoughts
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are personalized notions that are triggered by particuluar simuli, they are reflective of maladaptive beliefs and negative thoughts (schemata)
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goal of cognitive therapy
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to get access to cognitvie schemata via automatic beliefs, then asking client to provide evidence for and against their beliefs.
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basic principles of cognitive therapy
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automatic thoughts lead to emotional responses, people with emotional difficulties tend to commit logical errors that tilt reality in the direction of self-deprecaton
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cognitive errors
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arbitary inference selective abstraction overgeneralization magnification and minimization personalization labeling and mislabeling polarized thinking
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arbitary inference
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drawing conclusions with no evidence (ex: thinking the teacher doesn't like you because you have a bad grade)
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selective abstraction
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(cbt) distorted views of forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event
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overgeneralization
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You experience one negative event nd assume other situations, people, or objects are " just the same." You stereotype situations and people, and use words like "never" and "always."
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magnification
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the tendency to interpret situations as far more dangerous, harmful, or important than they actually are
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minimization
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the tendency to give little or no importance to one's successes or positive events and traits
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personalization
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distortion of thinking in which a person takes responsibility or blame for events that are unconnected to the person
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labeling and mislabeling
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This is an extreme form of overgeneralization. Instead of describing your error, you attach a negative label to yourself, "I'm a loser". Downward socialization
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polorized thinking
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things are seen in terms of two mutually exclusive categories with no "shades of gray" in between. One is either a success or a failure, and anything less than perfection is failure Ex. small pain that client thinks is deathly disease.
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differences between REBT and CT
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REPT is highly directive, persuasive and confrontational. Teacher is therapist. Ellis persuades clients that their beliefs are irrational. Think debate. CT uses socratic dialogue, open-ended questions. Rogers places emplasis on client arriving at their own conclusions.
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do both REPT and CT use unconditional positive regare, empathy and genuiness?
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both do, however Beck and REPT do not feel they are enough to produce change.
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depressive triad
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Thinking errors in depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future.
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self references
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Feeling you are the center of everyone's attention, especially when something has gone wrong
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what is the therapeutic relationship in REPT
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REPT is highly directive, persuasive and confrontational. Teacher is therapist. Ellis persuades clients that their beliefs are irrational. Think debate.
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what is therapeutic relationship in CT
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CT uses socratic dialogue, open-ended questions. Rogers places emplasis on client arriving at their own conclusions. Clients must be active in change process
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limitations of CBT
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tends to play down emotions, does not focus on exploring underlying coflicts, or client's past. REPT may be too confrontational and CT may be too structured for some clients.
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schemata
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mental scaffolding that provides structure to our mental life
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Ellis believed thoughts were either
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rational or irrational
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intent to treat analysis
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analyzing outcomes fror all people in their original conditions
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irrational beliefs
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REBT Albert Ellis Cognitive-Behavior Self-defeating beliefs; absolutist "should" and "musts" "awfulizing," and "self-downing."
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mindfulness
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The ability to be fully present in the moment.
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panic control therapy
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a cognitive behavior treatment, based on the tendency of individuals with panic disorder to overreact to bodily stimuli, in which sensations are induced physically and coped with under safe conditions
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refutation
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The act of determining that something is false.
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cognitive schemas
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mental models of the world that are used to organize information
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socratic dialogue
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series of questions that can lead to more logical, objective conclusions
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tyranny of the should
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Label that Horney gave for when one's idealized self is substituted for the real self, one's behavior is governed by several unrealistic "shoulds."
