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Emancipation Proclamation

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(1862) an order issued by President Abraham Lincoln freeing the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union took effect January 1, 1863

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Economic Disparity between the North and South

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North had greater population, more railroads, and was more industrialized.

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Presidential Reconstruction

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all states had to end slavery, states had to declare that their secession was illegal, and men had to pledge their loyalty to the U.S.

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Radical Republican

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olitical party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war

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Reconstruction

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1865-1877; the attempt to rebuild and reform the political, social, and economic systems of the South after the Civil War.

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Morehouse College

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Private, all male, (traditionally) black college in Atlanta, Georgia = founded during the civil rights movement to promote blacks to educated themselves before segregation was ruled unconstitutional

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13th, 14th, 15th Amendments

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13th: abolished slavery 14th: slaves had rights 15th: slaves could vote

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Freedman's Bureau

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Passed on March 3, 1865, by Congress to aid former slaves through education, health care, and employment, it became a key agency during Reconstruction, assisting freedmen in the South.

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Scalawags

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Southern whites who supported republican policy throught reconstruction

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Carpetbaggers

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A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states;

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Ku Klux Klan

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A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.

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Black Codes

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Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

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Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

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1868 violated the Tenure of Office Act, but really was because of his stubborn defiance of Congress on Reconstruction. Fell one vote short

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Lecompton Constitution

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supported the existence of slavery in the proposed state and protected rights of slaveholders. It was rejected by Kansas, making Kansas an eventual free state.

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Mexican Cession

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1848. Awarded as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo after the Mexican American War. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles.

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Gold Rush

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a period from1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to California in order to search for gold.

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Bleeding Kansas

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(1856) a series of violent fights between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas who had moved to Kansas to try to influence the decision of whether or not Kansas would a slave state or a free state.

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Lincoln/Douglas Debates

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series of seven debates in 1858 between Lincoln and Douglas for the Senate seat in Illinois; climaxed with the Freeport Doctrine.Outcome: Lincoln lost, but solidified sectional split in the national Democratic party and made Lincoln famous in the North.

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Border States

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Five slave states-Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia-that did not secede during the Civil War. To keep the states in the Union, Abraham Lincoln insisted that the war was not about abolishing slavery but rather protecting the Union.

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Free Soil Party

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Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory.

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James Polk

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11th President of the United States from Tennessee;

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54 40 or fight

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slogan of those wanting to take all of Oregon; numbers (54 40') was line of latitude where people wanted Oregon border; did not want compromise of 49th parallel, as was done by President Polk.

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Zachary Taylor

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(1849-1850), Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard Fillmore.

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John C. Fremont

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an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery.

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California, Bear Flag Republic

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was a government proclaimed by settlers on June 14, 1846, in Sonoma in the then-Mexican province of California. Declared during the Mexican-American War, the republic lasted less than a month.

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Gadsden Purchase

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1853 purchase by the United States of southwestern lands from Mexico

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Ostend Manifesto

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a declaration (1854) issued from Ostend, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England, France, and Spain, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S.

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Aroostook War

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A small clash between Canadian and Maine lumberjacks, over the disputed northern Maine territory.

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John Tyler

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10th President

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Fugitive Slave Law

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this law required that northern states forcibly returned escaped slaves to their owners.

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Crittenden Compromise

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A last-ditch effort to resolve the secession crisis by compromise. It proposed to bar the government from intervening in the states' decision of slavery, to restore the Missouri Compromise, and to guarantee protection of slavery below the line. Lincoln rejected the proposal, causing the gateway to bloodshed to be open.

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Election of 1860

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Presidential Election that ended with Abraham Lincoln as President, the Southern states began to secede forming the Confederate States of America with Jefferson Davis as their President.

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North Advantages/Disadvantages

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Advantages- Factories, Navy, More populated, Railroads. Disadvantages- Not very well trained

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South Advantages/Disadvantages

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Advantages- well trained Disadvantages- Some factories, less railroads, smaller population

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Uncle Tom's Cabin

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written by harriet beecher stowe in 1853 that highly influenced england's view on the American Deep South and slavery. a novel promoting abolition. intensified sectional conflict.

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Anaconda Plan

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This was created by the Union, and was composed with six components which involves on liberating slaves, blockading in the Southern area, capturing and controlling enemy base and defeat the troops by dividing them

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Monitor vs. Merrimac

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Date: March 9, 1862 in Virginia. Union - Monitor. Conf. - Merrimac. Conf. is unable to break the Richmond blockade. Significance: Ironclads easily destroy wooden ships. Changed naval warfare worldwide.

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W.E.B Dubois

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1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910

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Habeas Corpus

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A court order requiring authorities to bring a prisoner before the court so that the court can determine whether the prisoner is being held legally.

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Greenbacks

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Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war

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Copperheads

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A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War

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Wade-Davis Bill

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an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy...Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh.

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Share Cropping

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Sharecropping provided the necessities for Black farmers. they could use land from a farmer but had to pay them in crops or money when crops were sold

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Redeemers

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Conservative white Democrats, many of them planters or businessmen, who reclaimed control of the South following the end of Reconstruction

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Compromise of 1877

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-Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river; as long as Hayes became the president

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Black Codes

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Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

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Booker T. Washington

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African American leader from the late 1800's until his death form 1915; founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama; encouraged African Americans to learn trades and become economically self-sufficient before calling for equal rights.

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Log Cabin and Cider

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It was a Whig party presidential campaign of William Henry Harrison in 1840. It portrayed Harrison as a simple man sprung from the people when in reality he was rich. It won Harrison the election. Campaigning among the masses.

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