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1) Approximately three-fourths of the world's industrial production is concentrated in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions?

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Eastern South America

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2) The Industrial Revolution began in

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Great Britain

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3) The Industrial Revolution began in

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the late 1700s.

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4) Prior to the Industrial Revolution, industry was

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dispersed.

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5) The cottage industry system involved manufacturing

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in the home.

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6) The main source of power for steam engines and blast ovens is produced from

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coal.

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7) The most important transportation improvement in the eighteenth century was the

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canal.

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8) The first industries to increase production through extensive use of the steam engine were

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textile and iron

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10) The United Kingdom expanded industrial production in the late twentieth century

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with high-tech industries to serve the European market.

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12) Proximity to European consumers is the most significant industrial asset of which region?

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Mid-Rhine

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13) The growth of manufacturing was retarded in the United States during the nineteenth century primarily because of

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distance from markets.

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14) Eastern North America was the continent's manufacturing center in part because it had access to the continent's

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largest markets.

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15) Today, New England's most significant industrial asset is its

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skilled but extensive labor force.

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16) Today, the most significant industrial asset of the Western Great Lakes region is its

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access to the nation's transportation network. B)large market area.

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17) Proximity to Russian consumers is the most significant industrial asset of which region?

answer

Central

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18) In Russia, the Soviet government promoted new manufacturing regions

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in the Urals and Kuznetsk.

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19) In order to become a major industrial power, Japan had to overcome which of the following problems?

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distance from consumers

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20) A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a

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bulk-reducing industry.

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21) Fabricating plants are examples of bulk-gaining industries because

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separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products.

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22) Situation costs are critical to a firm which wishes to

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minimize transport costs.

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23) The U.S. steel industry moved westward in the nineteenth century primarily because of better access to

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iron ore.

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24) Among the surviving steel plants in the United States, production concentrated in the southern Lake Michigan area has increased its share of national production, primarily because of access to .

answer

markets.

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25) Minimills are more likely than integrated steel mills to select locations because of access to

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markets.

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26) Central Europe offers an attractive combination of important

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site and situation,less skilled but cheaper labor than Western Europe, and more expensive but much more skilled labor than Asia and Latin America.

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27) Producers of automobiles select locations primarily because of access to

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markets.

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28) Since 1980, new U.S. automobile assembly plants have been built in the

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Midwest, to minimize national distribution costs.

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29) The lowest-cost form of transporting goods very long distances is by

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boat.

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30) A company which uses more than one mode of transport will often locate near

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break-of-bulk points.

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31) Significant site factors include all but which of the following?

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transportation

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32) Beer bottling is an example of a .

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bulk-gaining industry.

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33) Compared to other industries, aluminum manufacturers are more likely to locate near sources of

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low-cost energy.

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34) Which of these industries is most dependent on low-cost labor?

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textile

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35) The U.S. Gulf Coast has become an important industrial area because of

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access to oil and natural gas.

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36) Mexico's maquiladora plants have an advantage of closeness to U.S. markets

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but are a bit too far from most U.S. manufacturing facilities for just-in-time delivery.

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38) Industrial areas outside North America and Europe have become increasingly important in recent years primarily because of

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site factors.

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39) Both Europe and the United States have seen interregional shifts of manufacturing, but one difference is

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in Europe, government policies have encouraged relocation.

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40) Steel production has declined during the 1980s and 1990s most rapidly in

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the United States.

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41) What Western European country has experienced the most rapid manufacturing growth since the late twentieth century? A) Denmark B) Germany C) France

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D) Spain

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42) The Italian Po river basin

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contains half of the country's population, but two-thirds of its industry. has a key asset in cheaper labor compared to Europe's other industrial regions. has inexpensive hydroelectricity.

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43) What two location factors influence industries to remain in the northeastern United States and northwestern Europe?

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skilled labor and rapid delivery to market

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44) Spreading parts production and fabrication among many countries and communities

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increases large corporations bargaining power with local governments and labor.

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45) Why are Asian companies are more successful in the United States than U.S. companies are in Asia?

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Asian business executives know more about U.S. culture than U.S. executives know about Asian.

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46) Canada's most important industrial area is

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the St. Lawrence Valley and Ontario Peninsula.

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47) In contrast to fordist production, Post-Fordist production is more likely to

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introduce more flexible work rules.

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48) What mining region has the most varied mineral deposits of the world, with over 1,000 minerals?

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the Ural mountains

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49) The new international division of labor reflects the growing importance of

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outsourcing

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50) The industrial revolution in Europe diffused

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from west to east

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51) Russian manufacturers were more likely than American manufacturers to locate near

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raw materials

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52) Copper concentration is a bulk-reducing industry, because

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its processed weight is less than its original weight

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53) The location of a maquiladora plant is a good example of the importance of

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site factors

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54) Which of these industries is most dependent on low-cost labor

answer

textile

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) A manufacturer of women's and children's underwear is more likely than a manufacturer electronic computing equipment to locate in what region of the United States?

answer

southeast

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56) Increased global industrial capacity is primarily a result of all but which of the following?

answer

declining markets for many goods

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57) The principal asset of steel mills in Europe compared to the United States is access to

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government subsidies

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58) By subsidizing industries such as steel and textile, governments contribute to the global problem of

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oversupply

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59) The biggest industrial challenge for former communist countries is

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unmet consumer demand

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0) The biggest industrial challenge for less developed countries is

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lack of access to markets

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61) The main impact of the growth of regional trading blocs is

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increased cooperation among countries within trading blocs

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The new international division of labor reflects the growing importance for industrial location of

answer

site factors

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64) The one invention most important to the development of factories was the

answer

steam engine.

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65) Why was the Industrial Revolution delayed in Europe?

answer

Napoleonic Wars, late nation-state formation by Germany, and French Revolution

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66) Identify the dominant market center between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.

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Chicago

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67) Which industrial district is Russia's oldest? A) Saratov B) Donetsk C) St. Petersburg

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Central Industrial District

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68) In which city were railways built several decades before the rest of Russia?

answer

St. Petersburg

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69) What has East Asia substituted for lack of natural resources?

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large labor force

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70) Manufacturing inputs consist of

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energy, machinery, and services.

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71) Since the 1970s, industrial output in MCDs has been stagnant for which of the following reasons?

answer

market saturation, quality of products, and slower population growth

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72) A manufacturer of women's and children's underwear is more likely than a manufacturer of electronic computing equipment to attempt to minimize the cost of

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labor

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73) The biggest industrial challenge for more developed countries is

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unequal distribution of industry

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74) What major resource does the Volga Industrial District contain?

answer

petroleum

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75) Cooperation and competition within and among trading blocs take place primarily through the actions of

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multinational governments

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6) Transnational corporations have transferred some work to less developed countries because of access to

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labor

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77) What industrial region contains over 1,000 types of minerals, the most varied collection found in any mining region in the world?

answer

Urals

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78) A footloose industry could be conducted from

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any place

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79) Industry is uniformly distributed across Earth.

answer

False

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80) Prior to the Industrial Revolution, cottage industries were most common.

answer

True

question

81) The major source of energy for steam engines during the Industrial Revolution was wood.

answer

False

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82) The dominant industrial power in the nineteenth century was Great Britain.

answer

True

question

83) In the early days of the Industrial Revolution, engineering innovations had their greatest impact on the transportation industry.

answer

True

question

84) During the Industrial Revolution the geographic distribution of industry changed from a large collection of home-based enterprises to large integrated firms clustered in a few locations.

answer

True

question

5) About three-fourths of world industrial production is clustered in four regions.

answer

True

question

) The most important industrial area in Western Europe, the Rhine-Ruhr valley, has large deposits of coal.

answer

True

question

The optimal location for a factory manufacturing a bulk-gaining product is likely to be one that minimizes the cost of transporting the product to the market.

answer

True

question

U.S. steel mills have always been located to minimize the transport of inputs to the factories.

answer

False

question

China has the largest labor force employed in manufacturing.

answer

True

question

Communications-oriented industries, like newspapers, tend to locate near their markets.

answer

True

question

The site factor most effecting relocation of industry in the twenty-first century is labor.

answer

True

question

Factories in more developed countries are now more likely to be suburban or rural than in urban centers.

answer

True

question

The United States lost 20 percent of its manufacturing jobs during the first 4 years of the twenty-first century.

answer

True

question

Most U.S. cotton textile manufacturers have moved from the mortheast to the southeast, but many of the cotton textile manufacturers remain in the northeast.

answer

False 95)

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U.S. steel mills located further west because of the growing importance of the Mesabi iron ore range.

answer

True 96)

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Markets have been stagnant in relatively developed countries because of low population growth.

answer

True 97)

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Russian and Soviet economic planners have historically given priority to the manufacture of more consumer goods.

answer

False 98)

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The term "maquiladora" came from the Spanish word "maquilar", meeaning a miller of grain.

answer

True 99)

question

Home-based manufacturing was known as the cottage industry system.

answer

True 100)

question

Transportation was important in the diffusion of the industrial revolution.

answer

True 101)

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Railroads were the first major transportation system of the industrial revolution.

answer

False 102)

question

The first industry to develop through the invention of the steam engine was the textile industry.

answer

False 103)

question

France was the first country engaged in the industrial revolution.

answer

False 104)

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Except for advances by the Belgians, French, and Germans, the industrial revolution did not make a significant impact elsewhere in Europe until the late 1800s.

answer

True 105)

question

Southern and Eastern European countries did not join the industrial revolution until the twentieth century.

answer

True 106)

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The Industrial Revolution did not take off in the United States until around 1750.

answer

False 107)

question

Less than 10% of the earth's surface is devoted to industry

answer

False 108)

question

In a right-to-work state, a union can require a worker to join the union.

answer

False 109)

question

Boston's Route 128 is the nation's center for production of semiconductors and computers.

answer

False 110)

question

The four Western European industrial regions became important for industry because of their proximity to raw materials and large markets.

answer

True 111)

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Situation factors involved transporting materials to and from a factory.

answer

True 112)

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Land, labor, and resources are the three traditional site factors.

answer

False 113)

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A bulk-reducing industry is an economic activity in which the final product weighs less than its inputs

answer

True 114)

question

A bulk-gaining industry makes something that gains volume or weight during production.

answer

True 115)

question

What are break-of-bulk points?

answer

locations where transfer among transportation modes is possible

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Why do soft-drink bottlers locate their plants near consumers?

answer

They are bulk-gaining (or weight-gaining) industries.

question

Why is it cheaper for firms to sell in the United States clothing products made in Asia and shipped to the United States rather than produced directly in the United States?

answer

lower cost labor

question

What are the three main site factors that influence the location of a factory?

answer

land; labor; capital

question

What are the two main situation factors that influence the location of a factory?

answer

access to inputs; access to markets

question

A bulk-reducing (or weight-reducing) industry is likely to locate near what factor?

answer

source of inputs

APHG Chapter 11 – Flashcards

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