APES Chapter 12 Review – Flashcards
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Most forest resource managers aim to maintain resource populations ________ of the curve
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in the middle
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Many forest resource managers aim to maintain resource populations in the middle because it delivers the ________.
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maximum sustainable timber yield
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If forests are strictly managed according to the maximum sustainable yield model, some biodiversity sill be lost because species whose habitat depends on ________ will be excluded
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mature trees in the top canopy layer
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Established under the leadership of Gifford Pinchot to manage forests for "the greatest good of the greatest number in the long run"
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US Forest Service
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Mission is to protect natural resources for future generations through use restrictions and prohibition of resource extraction, but provides public access for current enjoyment
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National Park Service
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Manages national wildlife refuges that serve as wildlife havens; encourages hunting, fishing, wildlife observation, photography, and environmental education
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Fish and Wildlife Service
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Private land trust that purchases and protects areas in natural condition
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Nature Conservancy
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Manages world heritage sites, which include sites of cultural and natural importance
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UNESCO
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Fire history in an open pine woodland ecosystem would be best determined by ________.
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tree ring scars
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was left without resources when the Malaysian government allowed clear-cutting in their forest
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Sarawak tribe
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The first national park was ________.
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yellowstone
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Which of the following gave the president authority to declare selected public lands as national monuments?
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The Antiquities Act
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Land trusts are ________
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private nonprofit groups
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The SLOSS dilemma involves controversy over ________
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habitat fragmentation and preserve design
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In the United States, most logging takes place in ________ in the north and ________ in the south
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conifer forests, pine plantations
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has the greatest impacts in tropical areas and arid regions
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deforestation
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Why do developing nations impose few or no restrictions on logging?
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desperate for economic development
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removes all trees from an area
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clear cutting
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Most of the world's forests occur as ________
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taiga and rainforest
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Most commercial logging today takes place in ________.
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Canada, Russia, and Brazil
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The U.N. FAO's Global Forest Resources Assessment of 2010 concluded that deforestation has _______ but we still lose forests at the rate of _____ million ha/yr
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slowed, 5.2
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tree harvesting methods that leave seed-producing or mature trees uncut to provide for future forests
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ecosystem based
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was passed in 1976 with the intent to ensure multiple use and sustainable yield of national forest land
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National Forest Management Act
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directs timber companies to remove small trees, underbrush, and dead trees to reduce fires in national forest land
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Healthy Forests Restoration Act
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off-limits to development of any kind but are open to low-impact recreation
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wilderness areas
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areas protected on paper but not in reality due to lack of funding
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paper parks
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forests that establish themselves after virgin timber has been removed from an area
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second growth forests
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Forests reach their greatest ecological complexity when they are ________.
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mature with a multi-level canopy
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The latest information tells us that salvage logging tend to ________
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produce more severe wildfires
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suggests that as the number of species increases with the size of the island; all else being equal, larger islands contain more species
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area effect of equilibrium theory
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used in forests that are subject to severe wild fires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth
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controlled burns
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gives wealthy nations carbon-offsets if they pay poorer nations to conserve forests
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REDD
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prohibits new road construction in national forests and was reinstated in 2009
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roadless rule
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a particular problem when formerly large habitats are reduced to small fragments
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edge effects
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The tendency of humans to want to live in these Sky Islands, visit them for recreation, and use them for lumber or for wood pulp, causes increased _______
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habitat fragmentation
