AP World: Midterm Study :) – Flashcards
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Early Buddhism and early Christianity were similar in which of the following ways? A. Both incorporated the existing economic and social stratification of South Asia and the Middle East, respectively. B. Both were receptive to male and female converts. C. Neither sought members from the lower classes. D. Neither supported the establishments of religions communities apart from society.
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B
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(Map). Which region on the map had increasingly decentralized government in the period 500 to 1000 CE? A. Europe B. Turkey C. The Middle East D. China
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A
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Which of the following processes is associated with the spread of Buddhism into Southeast Asia between 200 BCE and 1000 CE? A. Growth of a Buddhism warrior class B. Rise of animism C. Transformation of Buddhism after contact with local beliefs D. Opposition from Christian monastic orders
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C
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(Test 1, question 1)(Map of China with arrows for monsoon winds) This map demonstrates the fact that A. Both northern and southern China benefit from monsoon rains B. Life in China was considerably more challenging than in other early civilizations due to monsoon winds from the north C. More settlement in China occurred in southern regions due to the benefits of monsoon rains. D. China had not yet begun its ventures to Japan at this point
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C
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(Test 1, question 10) Urbanization generates social divisions and allowed some groups to amass tremendous wealth. Which of the following factors did not play a role in urbanization? A. Specialization of labor B. Civil laws C. Centralization of power D. Written records
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B
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(Test 1, question 21) The chief tactic that the Assyrians used to maintain tranquility in their empire was: A. Cultural toleration of a heterogeneous population B. Monotheism C. Terror D. Requiring every man to serve in the military
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C
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(Test 1, question 25) The Hyksos were able to conquer Egypt because they had: A. Massive armed forces from a consolidated army of the Near East B. Horse-drawn chariots carrying archers with composite bows C. Control of the Nile Delta region, so they could restrict irrigation to Egyptian agriculture D. Superior administrative organization
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B
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(Test 1, question 27) The religions of farming communities tended to focus on: A. A sky god or male deity B. An earth mother or female deity C. A variety of important gods D. Nature spirits
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D
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(Test 1, question 36)(Map of the Mediterranean, coastlines highlighted to show Greek and Phoenician colonization) Based on the map, it is clear that Phoenicians began to colonize the Mediterranean in order to: A. Conquer the Greek lands throughout the Mediterranean B. Expand control beyond the seas C. Access valuable raw materials D. Convert others to their religion
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C
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(Test 1, question 43) Why did the Olmec lay out their cities in alignment with the paths of stars? A. SO they could get the light of the night sky to illuminate their cities B. They believed that this alignment pleased the gods C. They believed in the significance of astronomical events D. They knew that the westerly winds would follow the path of the stars
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C
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(Test 1, question 50) Why did the center of power shift to Meroe in the fourth century BCE? A. It was a better location for agriculture and trade B. There was a plague epidemic throughout Egypt C. Egyptian culture weakened and became degenerate D. Nubia allied militarily with peoples in sub-Saharan Africa
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A
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(Test 1, question 52) The Late Bronze Age in the Middle East was a "cosmopolitan era" because: A. It was primarily an urban-based society B. Different groups of people remained isolated C. Elements of culture were widely shared D. Most civilizations adopted identical religions, laws, and social structures
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C
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(Test 1, question 53) Although Minoan writing is undeciphered, Minoan artifacts indicate that: A. They were completely isolated from the Mediterranean world B. They disliked goods from other lands C. They had widespread trade connections D. They came from Anatolia
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C
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(Test 1, question 55)(Map of Greece and Anatolia; most of Greece, also Crete and the Greek Isles, are highlighted) The map above shows evidence that: A. Few early civilizations existed in the Mediterranean before the rise of Greek city-states such as Sparta and Athens B. The Minoans engaged in far-flung commerce around the Mediterranean and exerted powerful cultural influence on the early Greeks C. The Mycenaean civilization was eventually taken over by the Minoans D. Carthage was the most powerful trading center in the Mediterranean
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B
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(Test 1, question 57) Egypt's external interests were primarily concentrated on: A. Acquiring new territory B. Trading for the gold and wealth of western Africa C. Maintaining access to valuable raw materials D. Defeating the threatening desert nomads
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C
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(Test 1, question 65) The merchant aristocracy that controlled Carthage was unique because it: A. Promoted trade B. Was open only to a select group of people C. Monopolized power and wealth for itself D. Allowed ambitious and successful individuals and families to gain political influence
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D
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(Test 1, question 68) The first region of the world for which there is evidence of permanent agricultural villages is: A. Sub-Saharan Africa B. Western South America C. Southeastern Asia D. The eastern Mediterranean
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D
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(Test 2, question 5) Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic shared by Afro-Eurasian urban centers before 600 CE? A. Cities promoted cultural homogeneity B. Cities gained increasing economic independence from hinterland regions C. Cities served as centers of commercial activity D. Cities were generally politically independent of larger political units
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C
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(Test 2, question 6)(Map of Europe with arrows spreading in various directions) The map above shows which of the following? A. The most significant trade routes in early medieval Europe B. Barbarian migrations into the Roman Empire C. The spread of Christianity within the Roman Empire D. The spread of iron-working technology
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B
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(Test 2, question 18) Which of the following was the primary method used in both Qin China and Maurya India to maintain control of their empires? A. Implementation of a centralized bureaucracy B. Forced conversion of subjects to a single religion C. Imposition of a common written language D. Division of the empire into smaller states
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A
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(Test 2, question 22) Which of the following was a major factor in the centralization of the Han dynasty in China? A. The adoption of Mongol methods of political organization B. The reliance on merit-based bureaucracy C. The use of Buddhist beliefs to encourage loyalty to the emperor D. The dependence of Daoist rituals
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B
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(Test 2, question 23) Which of the following was NOT a method by which the Persians strengthened their empire? A. Giving autonomy to provincial administrators B. Promoting religious toleration C. Building roads and highways to connect the far-flung reaches of the empire D. Using a unified, comprehensive law code like Hammurabi's
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D
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(Test 2, question 24) One of the prime benefits of colonization around the Mediterranean for the Greeks was: A. Diversification of resources B. Alleviation of surplus population C. Cultural exchange D. Opportunities for increasing personal wealth
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B
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(Test 2, question 40) Which of the following is NOT generally considered a contributing factor of the fall of the Han Empire? A. Corruption within the government B. Attacks by non-Chinese from across the frontiers C. The frustration of hungry peasants D. The subversive ideas of Buddhism
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D
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(Test 2, question 44)(Map of Southeast Asia with some countries shaded in) The map above best illustrates which of the following? A. Buddhism was brought to Southeast Asia through conquest and war B. China dominated Southeast Asia for much of the 6th and 7th centuries C. Indian dominated Southeast Asia religiously, but not politically D. Southeast Asia was impacted significantly by the civilizations in both India and China
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D
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(Test 2, question 53) What did the Sassanid and Byzantine Empires have in common? A. Dependence on camels B. A shared distaste for Christianity C. Central control of imperial finances D. A military emphasis on cavalry
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C
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(Test 2, question 63) The development and spread of Christianity and Buddhism before 600 CE had all of the following in common EXCEPT: A. Both were outgrowths of other religions B. Both were aided in their spread by existing trade networks C. The founders of both presented themselves as divine D. Both developed monastic orders open to women
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C
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(Test 2, question 64) Before 600 CE, large centralized empires, such as the Han, Persian, and Roman empires, extended their military power by: A. Giving more political power to the common people in conquered territories, thus eliminating the need for large armies of occupation B. Developing supply lines and building infrastructure, including defensive walls and roads C. Creating open societies inclusive of different religious and cultural practices, thus decreasing the chance of revolts D. Recruiting their armies entirely from inhabitants of their core territories and excluding members of newly conquered lands
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B
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(Test 2, question 66)(Text piece of how Laozi instructed barbarians and became the Buddha) In the fictionalized account of the origins of Buddhism outline in the passage above, Yu Huan's purpose was most likely to: A. Make it easier for his Buddhist readers to convert to Daoism B. Hint at the existence of an alternate set of Buddhist scriptures that were different from the officially accepted ones C. Demonstrate the extent of missionary and trade links between China and India D. Assert the superiority of Chinese culture over non-Chinese cultures
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D
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(Test 2, question 68) Which of the following was a major long-term effect of the Roman Empire's construction of an extensive network of roads? A. Diminished importance of Roman maritime trade in the Mediterranean B. Integration of conquered peoples and suppression of resistance to Roman rule C. Reduction in the size of the Roman army D. Increased trade with Han China
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B
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(Test 3, question 2) The Tang Empire is considered "cosmopolitan" because: A. It mixed styles, goods, and cultures from every part of Asia B. The peasants were mandated to live in the cities C. Public education was mandatory D. The government fully supported artists, musicians, and dancers
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A
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(Test 3, question 3) The early spread of Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula was caused primarily by: A. Beliefs in Muhammad's divinity B. Military conquest C. Mercantile activity D. Creation of a protected non-Muslim class
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B
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(Test 3, question 5) The tributary system used in China was a practice in which: A. The emperor traveled to foreign countries to pledge his allegiance to them B. The emperor made a pilgrimage to please the gods and the ancient ancestors C. Countries acknowledged the supremacy of the Chinese emperor D. They built new canals for transportation and irrigation
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C
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(Test 3, question 15) By instituting civil service examinations for entrance into the government bureaucracy, the Song: A. Ensured that only the wealthy elite could retain positions of power B. Drove the most talented people out of the country C. Tried to limit the number of civil servants D. Recruited the most talented men for government service
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D
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(Test 3, question 21) Which of the following is the BEST description of political power in Kievan Russia? A. It was tied to landholding, as in the west B. It was dominated by the Latin Church C. It was centered around the power of the Patriarch of Constantinople D. It was derived from trade
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D
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(Test 3, question 24)(Map of the Middle East, Europe, and Africa with the Middle East and parts of Europe and Africa highlighted) The map above BEST shows which of the following? A. The majority of people living under Muslim rule by the year 900 were Arabs B. Many lands fell under Muslim rule, but most conversions to Islam did not occur until several centuries later C. Buddhism spread well west of India between 700 and 900 D. Muslim rule spread across the Sahara in the 700s
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B
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(Test 3, question 28) Which are important technological innovations of the Song Empire? A. Silk, the saddle, and the printing press B. The battering ram, the chariot, and the lateen sail C. The astrolabe, the horse collar, and the crossbow D. The stern-mounted rudder, high-quality steel, and gunpowder
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D
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(Test 3, question 30) Which of the following was an immediate effect of the initial Muslim conquests of the seventh century CE? A. The elimination of Christianity and Judaism from the MIddle East B. The weakening of the Byzantine Empire and the collapse of other empires C. The beginning of large-scale Turkic-speaking nomads from Central Asia to the Middle East D. A decline in the social status of women
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B
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(Test 3, question 34) The term "investiture controversy" refers to the: A. Struggle for control over appointments of clergy B. Debate over how to invest church funds C. Conflict over choosing new popes D. Amount of power local priests were allowed
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A
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(Test 3, question 36) The great vision of the Shari'a is an umma with: A. A separate identity from Christians B. A common monetary system and central taxation C. All members living in a unified, homogeneous Muslim state D. Common moral value, minimizing ethnic and political divisions
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D
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(Test 3, question 41) Which of the following factors represents the most significant cause of the growth of cities in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1000-1450? A. Climate change B. Increased interregional trade C. Decreased agricultural productivity D. Increased invasions
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B
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(Test 3, question 46) As prosperity and population increased in Song China, Chinese officials: A. Invented birth control methods to control population growth B. Suppressed personal freedom and wealth C. Sent people to fight wars in foreign lands as a population release valve D. Developed water management, waste management, and firefighting techniques
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D
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(Test 3, question 49) The earliest known sub-Saharan beneficiary of the growing trade across the Sahara was: A. Egypt B. Mali C. Ghana D. Bukhara
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C
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(Test 3, question 50) Which of the following best describes the significance of Charlemagne receiving the title of emperor in the 8th century? A. He was of German descent B. It marked the revival of the Roman Empire C. It marked a shift of focus away from the Mediterranean toward the north and west D. As a Frankish king it showed the influence of the Catholic Church north of Rome
answer
C
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(Test 3, question 55) As a result of the Crusades, Europeans were exposed to all of the following EXCEPT: A. Access to a variety of classical Latin works, particularly those of Aristotle B. Pasta, paper, and refined sugar C. Original thought-provoking works by Arab and Iranian writers D. Hard soap and colored glass
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A
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(Test 3, question 56) In general, which of the following did NOT occur in Western Europe after the decline of Roman authority? A. The city of Rome lost its prominence as the seat of the Roman church B. There was increasing political fragmentation C. The population depended on local strongmen rather than on monarchs D. Roman traditions were replaced with family-based German traditions
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A
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(Test 3, question 59) Which of the following developments best explains why many historians argue that the Song dynasty period (960-1279) was pivotal in the development of China as an economic world power? A. The widespread use of gunpowder technology in combat began during the Song period B. The invention of movable-type printing took place during the Song period C. The Neoconfucian synthesis of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism was completed during the Song period D. China's population doubled and Chinese urban centers experienced massive growth during the Song period
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D
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(Test 3, question 62) Which of the following statements about the development of movable type and the availability of printed material in East Asia is NOT true? A. It gave people access to information on planting and irrigation B. It furthered the development of new agricultural land in the south C. It spread information on how to prevent disease D. It helped spread subversive ideas and caused a number of rebellions, just as printing would in west in the 16th century
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D
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(Test 4, question 1)(Photograph) The image showing a temple of Quetzalcoatl best demonstrates a common element among Mesoamerican civilizations: A. Of pyramids that were built to serve as shrines to the gods of heaven and the sky B. Of the feathered serpent, a culture-god seen as the originator of agriculture and arts C. Of a strong belief in the afterlife and the divine nature of rulers D. Of emphasis of human sacrifice as a way to please the rulers
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B
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(Test 4, question 31) The most significant factor contributing to agriculture in the Delhi Sultanate was: A. Slave labor on sugar plantations B. Extensive irrigation canals C. Staple crops, including cucumbers and melons D. A switch to the three-field crop rotation system
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B
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(Test 4, question 32) Reliance on provincial production of goods instead of urban centralization of production was termed: A. Cottage industry B. Feudalism C. Gendered division of labor D. Pastoralist economic modeling
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A
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(Test 4, question 34) One effect of the rise of cities in Yuan China was: A. The decline of the prestige of the warrior class B. The increasing influence of Mandarin C. The burden of taxation carried by the peasantry D. Improved nutrition of the urban population
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B
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(Test 4, question 42) The conflict between the Il-khans and the Golden Horde originated in: A. Cultural differences B. Political differences C. Religious differences D. Economic differences
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C
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(Test 4, question 45) The culture blending associated with the expansion and spread of Islam from 1220 to 1500 can be seen by examining: A. The design of mosques that combine older traditions and new influences B. The changes in the Qur'an that blend older traditions with new influences C. The blending of biblical and Qur'anic writings D. The development of banking
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A
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(Test 4, question 57) Contact between different societies often leads to an interchange of ideas, cultural forms, and knowledge, but the degree of reciprocity varies considerably. Which of the following was probably the most one-way cultural flow? A. The interactions between the Roman Empire and the Han Empire via trade on the Silk Roads B. The interactions between Muslims and Christians in Muslim Spain C. The interactions between Tang China and Japan D. The interactions between Bantu speakers and Arabs during the establishment of trading cities on the Swahili Coast
answer
C
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(Test 4, question 60)(Map of Asia with lines that represent areas covered by Zhenghe) The map above best illustrates which of the following? A. That the Ming rulers devoted more resources to exploration than fortifying the northern borders B. How the Ming dynasty welcomed foreign trade throughout their reign between 1368-1644 C. The routes followed by Zheng he, the Mongol merchant who stayed in China after the start of the Ming dynasty D. The short-lived, however successful, naval expeditions of the Chinese in the early 15th century
answer
D
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(Test 4, question 61) Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan? A. The collapse of the Byzantine Empire B. The development of khanates in Central Asia C. The spread of Islam into East Asia D. Increased trade between Africa and Asia
answer
B
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(Test 4, question 68)(Map of Europe, Asia, and Africa with a lot of lines connecting the three) The map above best demonstrates: A. Land and sea routes along which the Islamic faith had long traveled B. Ibn Battuta's role in spreading Islam east and west of the Arabian peninsula C. Chinese control of land and sea trade routes both east and west D. The establishment of Portuguese trade posts in old Mongol trade centers
answer
A
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(Test 5, question 1)(Map of Europe with lines everywhere) The map above best demonstrates which of the following? A. The only thing authorities could say for sure was that the spread of the Black Death had something to do with the movement of people B. Scientists and doctors throughout Europe were well aware of the causes of the Black Death
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A
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(Test 5, question 26) One of the significant features of the growth of literature in the 14th-15th century was: A. The inclusion of common people in literary tales B. The composition of literature in the vernacular
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B
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(Test 5, question 30) Windmills and water mills: A. Were invented in later medieval Europe B. Had long been common in the Islamic world
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B
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(Test 5, question 37) In the beginning, the explicit goal of Portuguese explorers was to: A. Find a passage to India B. Convert Africans to Christianity
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A
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(Test 5, question 53) The Netherlands revolted against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s because of: A. The imposition of the Spanish sales tax and Christian orthodoxy B. A failing Spanish economy
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A
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(Test 5, question 67) Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of the Gothic cathedral? A. Domes B. Giant stained-glass Windows
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A
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(Test 5, question 72) Prince Henry of Portugal was known as Henry the Navigator because: A. He was the first person to round the Cape of Good Hope B. He devoted his life to promoting exploration
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B
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(Test 5, question 81) Columbus insisted that he had reached: A. The Indian Ocean B. The West Indies
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A
