AP World History Unit 3: Enlightenment – Flashcards
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Absolute Monarchy
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idea of total control by one ruler who gains his power through religion and strength
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Socrates
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Greek philosopher who invented the socratic seminar
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Plato
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student of socrates that believed that there should be three social classes (workers, soldiers, and philosophers)
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Aristotle
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student of Plato who did not like a democracy, but preferred a society led by a single, virtuous leader and for people to avoid all extremes.
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Machiavelli
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a philosopher that believed that rulers need to do anything to stay in power, there should only be a single ruler.
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Hobbes
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believed humans are evil and they need an absolute monarchy to be ruled.
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Locke
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believed that all men deserved the right to life, liberty, and property
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de Gouges
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a woman who believed in the rights of women to vote, divorce property, etc.
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Voltaire
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he believed that men must be allowed freedom of religion and expression
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Montesquieu
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He believed that the government should be split up into three branches to prevent a single person/group from gaining too much power.
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Magna Carta
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A document written in 1215CE that limited the power of the King of England and other feudal lords. Kings could no longer punish subjects except through the law of the land.
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Glorious Revolution
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Bloodless revolution that replaced King James with his daughter and son-in-law (Mary and William) who promised to limit their power through the Bill of Rights that turned England into a constitutional monarchy
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Constitutional Monarchy
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A monarchy limited and ruled by a constitution
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Sugar Act
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A tax passed by British on American colonies that taxed all sugar products.
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Stamp Act
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A bill passed by the British that taxed books, letters, publications, and legal documents.
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Quartering Act
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A british requirement that colonists would provide housing and food to British soldiers.
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Declaration of Independence
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The document that stated that the United States was independent from Britain (July 4, 1776)
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George Washington
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the first president of the united states and was a military leader for the colonists.
