question

You repeatedly hear a tone just before having a puff of air directed to your eye. Blinking to the tone presented without an air puff is a

answer

CR

question

Children who are promised a payoff for playing with an interesting toy have later been observed to play with the toy less than those who are not promised the reward. This provides evidence for the role of ________ in operant behavior.

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cognitive processes

question

For professional baseball players, swinging at a pitched ball is reinforced with a home run on a ________ schedule.

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variable-ratio

question

Months after she was beaten up by a robber, Courtney's heart pounds with fear merely at the sight of the place in which she was attacked. The location of her attack is most likely a(n) ________ for Courtney's anxiety.

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conditioned stimulus

question

If you get violently ill a couple of hours after eating contaminated food, you will probably develop an aversion to the taste of that food but not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate or to the sound of music you heard there. This best illustrates that associative learning is constrained by

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biological predispositions

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When Evie saw that her classmates got the teacher's attention after asking questions in class, Evie started asking questions in class. This best illustrates the impact of

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vicarious reinforcement

question

After being bitten by his neighbor's dog, Miguel experienced fear at the sight of that dog but not at the sight of other dogs. This best illustrates the process of

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discrimination

question

A word of praise is to a soothing back rub as ________ is to ________.

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Conditioned reinforcer; primary reinforce.

question

Some teachers have reduced the disruptive classroom behavior of students by imposing a time-out following disruptive behavior. In this case, the time-out is a

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punishment

question

Like European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews from the Nazis, civil rights activists of the 1960s had parents who

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modeled a strong moral or humanitarian concern

question

If you have a "frightening experience" immediately after hearing a strange sound, your fear may be aroused when you hear that sound again. This best illustrates

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classical conditioning

question

If children get attention from their parents for doing cartwheels, they will repeat the trick in anticipation of more attention. This best illustrates

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operant conditioning

question

Researchers condition a flatworm to contract when exposed to light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The electric shock is a(n)

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unconditioned stimulus

question

Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer. This best illustrates the value of

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negative reinforcement

question

Which pioneering learning researcher highlighted the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children's behavior?

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Albert Bandura

question

A pigeon receives food for pecking a key, but only rarely and on unpredictable occasions. This best illustrates

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partial reinforcement

question

The infant Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was associated with a loud noise. In this example, fear of the white rat was the

answer

CR

question

An empathic husband who sees his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing. According to many researchers, this best illustrates the functioning of

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mirror neurons

question

In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as

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shaping

question

Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)

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conditioned stimulus

question

An organism's ability to mentally anticipate that a US will follow a CS is most likely to be highlighted by a(n) ________ perspective

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cognitive

question

Most of the TV shows that 9-year-old Fred watches involve violence. This is most likely to lead Fred to

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perceive the injuries of victims of violence as less severe

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Punishment ________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement ________ the rate of operant responding

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decreases; increases

question

Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an enclosed puzzle box. With successive trials, the cats escaped from the box with increasing speed. This illustrates the

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law of effect

question

During a typical morning, Colin checks the clock frequently before being reinforced with confirmation that the time for his regularly scheduled lunch break has arrived. In this case, Colin's behavior is reinforced on a ________ schedule

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fixed-interval

question

Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 50,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement

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fixed-ratio

question

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

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spontaneous recovery

question

If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a ________ reinforcer

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conditioned

question

Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This best illustrates

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associative learning

question

Rats most easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with

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novel tastes

question

Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a

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UR

question

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates

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observational learning

question

A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident, Kim-Li still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of balloons popping. This reaction best illustrates

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generalization

question

John B. Watson believed that psychology should be the science of

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observable behavior

question

The first time that Liza heard the loud sound of her father's bass drum, she responded with fear. The fear response is most clearly an example of

answer

respondent behavior

AP Psychology, Chapter 7, Quizzes 1 & 2 – Flashcards

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