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Classical Oration Structure

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lines up the structure of the orations with different rhetorical appeals to increase its effectiveness; created by Roman lawyer Cicero; six parts

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Part 1 - Exordium

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the speaker/writer tries to win the attention and goodwill of an audience while introducing a subject or problem; appeal to ethos

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Part 2 - Narratio

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the speaker/writer presents the facts of the case explaining what happened when, who is involved, and so on; appeal to logos

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Part 3 - Partitio

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the speaker/writer divides up the subject explaining what the claim is, what the key issues are, and in what order the subject will be treated; appeal to logos

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Part 4 - Confirmatio

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the speaker/writer offers detailed support for the claim using both logical reasoning and factual evidence; appeal to logos

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Part 5 - Refutatio

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the speaker/writer refutes opposing claims or evidence; appeal to logos

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Part 6 - Peroratio

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the speaker/writer summarizes the case and moves the audience to action; appeal to pathos

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AP Language and Composition Classical Oration

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