AP Human Geography- Unit 5, Part 3 – Flashcards
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Services
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Activities that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it.
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Consumer services
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Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services.
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Business services
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Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial and transportation services.
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Public Services
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Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for all citizens.
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Clustered Rural Settlements
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A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each others fields and surround the settlement.
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Dispersed Rural Settlements
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A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.
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Enclosure Moment
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The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England in the eighteenth century.
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Central Place
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A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
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Central Place Theory
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A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
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Market Area
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The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services.
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Threshold
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In central place theory, the size of the population required to make provision of services economically feasible.
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Rank-size Rule
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A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.
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Primate City Rule
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A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people s the second ranking settlement.
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Basic Industries
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Industries that sell their products or services to consumers outside the settlement.
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Non Basic Industries
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Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community.
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Central Business District
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The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered.
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Sustainable Development
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The level of development that can be maintained in a country without depleting resources to the extent that future generations will be unable to achieve comparable levels of development.
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Greenhouse effect
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A process in which the increased release of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere, caused by industrial activity and deforestation, permits solar short-wave heat radiation to reach Earth's surface but blocks long-wave outgoing radiation, causing a thermal imbalance and global heating.
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Global Warming Theory
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The pronounced climatic warming of the Earth that has occurred since about 1920 and particularly since the 1970's.
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Renewable Resources
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A resource that is not depleted if widely used, such as forests, water, fishing grounds, and agricultural grounds.
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Nonrenewable resources
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A resource that must be depleted to be used, such as petroleum.
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Economic Base
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A community's collection of basic industries.
