AP Human Geography Unit 5: Agriculture – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Von Thunen's agricultural land use model
answer
A model of agriculture land use that illustrates the relationship between the cost of land and transportation costs involved in getting a product to market.
question
Organic farming.
answer
The process of producing food naturally without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides , and other inputs.
question
Agribusiness
answer
Commercial agriculture in which large corporations own and operate various steps in the production process with an emphasis on profit.
question
Biotechnology
answer
The application of scientific techniques to modify and improve plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance their value.
question
Conservation agriculture
answer
A modern method of farming that balances maximum crop yield with sustainable farming methods and protection of the environment.
question
Desertification
answer
The transformation of agriculture lands into deserts because of overgrazing and soil erosion.
question
First Agricultural Revolution
answer
The domestication of plants and animals and the resulting start of a sedentary society.
question
Second Agricultural Revolution
answer
An agriculture revolution starting in the 17th century that increased efficiency of crop production and distribution through use of new machinery. 17th century.
question
Third Agricultural Revolution
answer
An agriculture revolution that introduced fertilizers, pesticides, and biotechnology.
question
Green revolution
answer
The development and transfer from the developed world to the developing world, of higher-yield and fast-growing crops through new and improved technology, pesticides, and fertilizers, for the purpose of alleviating world hunger. Mid-1970's
question
Genetically modified organisms (GMO's)
answer
An organism that is created when scientists take one or more specific genes fro one organism and introduce them into another organism thus creating a new version.
question
Intensive agriculture
answer
A form of agriculture heavily depends on heavy inputs of human labor on a small piece of land. Example: Plantation
question
Extensive agriculture
answer
A form of agriculture that heavily depends on a large amount of land with a small amount of labor. Example: Ranching/China, India, Southeast Asian countries.
question
Modern commercial agriculture
answer
Large-scale agriculture production for profit using specialized methods, technologies, and genetically engineered seeds.
question
Monoculture
answer
The production of a single crop for commercial markets. Example: Corn and wheat
question
Polyculture
answer
The production of many different types of crops for commercial markets.
question
Pastoralism
answer
A form of subsistence agriculture in which animals are herded in a migratory pattern. Example: North Africa, Central Asia, and the Middle East.
question
Plantation agriculture
answer
A monoculture farming section that is usually located in the south. Example: Rubber, sugar, tea, tobacco, coffee.
question
Sedentary
answer
The condition where a group of humans is able to live in one location and grow crops and raise animals.
question
Shifting agriculture/Swidden agriculture
answer
a form of subsistence agriculture in which crops are grown in different fields on a rotating basis.
question
Specialty farming
answer
Farming that grows crops to provide small upscale niche markets with fresh produce.
question
Subsistence agriculture
answer
A forms of agriculture in which everything that is produced is consumed by that population.
question
Sustainability
answer
The principle that we must meet our present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
question
Transhumance
answer
The constant movement of herds in a set seasonal pattern of grazing.
question
Truck farming
answer
Fruit and vegetable farming on a large, commercial form.
question
Urban subsistence farming
answer
The cultivation of small city gardens for food in the cities of the developing world.
question
Vertical integration
answer
Contracts between farmer and producer in the agricultural industry.
question
Mixed farming
answer
Growing crops and raising cattle.
question
Sedentary agriculture
answer
Farms permanently established in one place.
question
Market gardening
answer
Growing of vegetables and fruits on a small scale for direct sale. Example: Farmers market
question
Horticulture
answer
The cultivation of fruits, nuts, herbs, flowers, and non-food crops.
question
Corn belt
answer
Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, and Kansas.
question
Metes and bounds
answer
Approach that uses natural features to demarcate irregular parcels of land.
question
Township
answer
A design to evenly disperse settlers in the newly bought area of the US in 1787. 1 square mile.
question
Long lots
answer
A system divided land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals.
question
Mediterranean agriculture
answer
Specialized agriculture known for grapes, olives, citrus, and figs. Year long sunny climate.
