Test Answers on AP Human Geography Unit 4 Test – Flashcards
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African Union (AU)
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promote African economic, social, and political integration, involves all 54 African countries
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Antecedent Boundary
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Defined and deliminated before humans settles in
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Boundary
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A verticle plane that cuts through the airspace and ground to determine ownership.
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Centrifugal Forces
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Forces that tear things apart
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City-state
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A city with political and economic control over surrounding countryside
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Colonialism
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an effort by one country to establish settlements in a territory and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles on that territory.
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Colony
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a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being completely independent.
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Compact State
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the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly (circle shape).
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Devolution
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A central government gives independence to other territories, so much so that the territory may become it's own state. Example: Slovakia
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Electoral College
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A certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that states population
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Elongated State
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have a long and narrow shape.
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Enclave
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Any small and relatively homogeneous group or region surrounded by a larger and different group or region Ex. Lisotho
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Exclave
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A bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state Ex. Azerbaijan
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Ethnic Cleansing
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a process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.
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European Union (EU)
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An economic alliance that keeps the peace in Europe, has an international currency
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Federal State
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An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government.
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Fragmented
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Includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.
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Frontier
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A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.
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Genetic boundary
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Can change over time; social boundary
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Genocide
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A mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence.
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Geometric (artifical) boundary
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Straight lines on a map that do not relate to any physical features Ex. Western border of US and Canada
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Gerrymandering
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The process of redrawing electoral boundaries for the purpose of benefitting the party in power.
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Imperialism
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The perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign.
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Landlocked state
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A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.
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Law of the Sea (Maritime law)
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Law establishing states' rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of Earth's waters and resources. States that the country has ownership of the sea up to 200 nautical miles from the shore.
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Microstate
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states with very small land areas.
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"Multi-nation state"
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a country that contains more than one ethnicity with traditions of self-determination.
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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
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Made to eliminate restrictions on the flow of goods, services, and investments in North America.
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North Atlantic Trade Agreement (NATO)
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created to enlist the assistance of other countries in opposing the Warsaw Pact.
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Nation
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a tightly nit cultural group of people
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Nation state
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a nation which has the same borders as a state, example: Japan
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Nationalism
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A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC
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Made to set a common policy on the sale of petroleum.
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Perforated state
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A state that completely surrounds another point.
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Prorupted state
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An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension.
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Reapportionment
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The reassigning of the 435 representatives following the census every 10 years.
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Redistricting
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The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population.
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Seperatisim
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movements in which nationalities within a country may demand independence.
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Sovereignty
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independence from control over its internal affairs by other states.
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State
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a self-governing political entity. Has sovereignty.
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"Stateless nation"
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A nation that is not represented by a state
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Supranationalism
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voluntary association of three or more countries. (when three or more countries get together and form some sort of an alliance).
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Terrorism
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the systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or coerce a government into granting its demands.
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Unitary state
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Places most power in the hands of central government officials.
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United Naitons (UN)
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The UN handles conflicts that occur within the members' land, using military or peaceful approaches. Formed after WWII, made up of the allies.
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Embassies
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Offices that represent the state's interest to the leadership of other countries.
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Ambassadors
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Represent a state while in another country.
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Consulates
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Offices that deal with economic issues as well as the granting of visas to people who want to enter the country.
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Satellite States
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States that were under control of the Soviet Union.
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Iron Curtain
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A wall that divided Western Europe from Eastern Europe.
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Shatterbelt Regions
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Regions caught up in a conflict between two superpowers, Ex. East Asia.
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Buffer State
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A country that lies between two other states but remains neutral in the conflict between them, Ex. Mongolia.
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Heartland Theory
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Suggests that whoever owns Eastern Europe and Central Asia has the political power and capital to rule the world.
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Rimland Theory
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Believes that forming alliances is necessary to keep the Heartland correct.
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Domino Theory
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Suggests that when one country experiences rebellion or political disunity, other countries around it will also experience turmoil as a result.
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Irredentism
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the assertion by the government of a country that has a minority living outside it's former borders belonging to it historically and culturally.
