AP Human Geography Final Study – Flashcards
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The prime meridian is what degree of longitude
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0 degrees
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The linking of places by common traits or characteristics is defined as
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region
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What type of map has all lines of latitude and longitude meeting at right angles, creating much distortion at both of the polar regions
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Mercator projection
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What geographical approach suggests that humans possess the ability to dominate their environment rather than that they are defined by the environment
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possibilist approach
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What is the term for the phenomenon that the farther a feature moves from a hearth, the less dominant it is
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distance decay
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If an area has objects in it that are tightly arranged, it is said to be what
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clustered
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Environmental determinism was replaced by which approach to geography in the late 20th century
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possibilist approach
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Which type of map would has the largest scale
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city map
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At what degree of latitude is the North Pole
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90 degrees north
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Which term refers to the physical character of a location
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site
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What is another name for a meridian
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longitude
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The azimuthal map nest reflects what class of map projection
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planar
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1:100,000 is an example of what type of scale
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fractional
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Looking at an issue such as total fertility rate from a local to global perspective in geography would be an example of using
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scale of analysis
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What are maps called that keep shapes intact but distort area
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conformal
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What is the difference between GPS and GIS
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GIS is the layering of data, whereas GPS is the gathering of data
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What stages of the Demographic transition model demographers agree the United is in
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Stage 3
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What is the main difference between population clusters in Asia and Europe
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In Europe, most people live in urban areas
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Which of the following regions is considered to be in the five primary areas of population density in the world
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South Asia, including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
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What reason best explains why the rate of natural increase is greater in less developed countries than in more developed countries
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In less developed countries, people have more children due to having an agricultural society
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The Dust Bowl in the Great Plains is the best example of which push or pull factor
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Environmental push factor
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What is the seasonal migration of livestock to pasture lands where food is more plentiful called
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Transhumance
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Country Populationville has a crude birth rate of 25 and a crude death rate of 13, while the country of Demograville has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 25. Which country will experience the fastest natural increase rate
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Demograville will, because its difference between the two rates is fastest
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What revolution coincided with the world's population explosion
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Second Agricultural Revolution
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The five toos- too hot, cold, wet, dry, and hilly- refer to which term
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Ecumene
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Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition is characterized by
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high growth
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A person is trying to move from Miami to San Diego, but decided to stop and stay in Dallas. This is an example of
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Intervening opportunity
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During what 20-year period has the United States seen the greatest immigration in terms of raw numbers
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1980-2000
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The ideas that once a culture located in another area, the original customs and traditions eventually die out or are less strong, is best characterized by which term
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Distance decay
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The S-curve is best used to illustrate which geographic principle
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the model that describes the decline of population growth as countries industrialize
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The movement of persons from the Rust Belt to the Sun Belt is an example of which type of migration
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Interregional
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The population explosion began in which century
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20th century
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Which statement would best best fit the Gravity Model in relation to migration
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New York and Los Angeles are linked due to their populations
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Which of the following means of population growth deterrence has been the most successful
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Increasing the government laws as in China
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Which of the following countries can you assume has the greatest demographic momentum based on its crude birth rate and crude birth rate
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Tanzania: 42 birth rate and 17 death rate
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Which group of people believes that the more developed countries of the world are ripe for a population explosion
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Neo-Malthusians
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What is the world's fastest-growing religion
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Islam
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Which language has become the world's primary lingua franca
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English
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Which of the following is the largest proselytizing religion
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Christianity
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Regionalization would best explain the characteristics of the study of
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folk culture
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Which of the following best exemplifies folk culture
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Cajun music
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Where is the hearth of country music
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Nashville, Tennesee
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A good example of a monolingual country would be
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Japan
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When European settlers established relations with Native Americans, a new language was created to ease translation for both groups. What is the language called?
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Trade language
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Which of the following religions is the best example of a polytheistic religion
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Shintoism
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When Muslims make the pilgrimage to Mecca to observe the Kabah, which of the five pillars of Islam are they practicing
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Hajj
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Where in the United States does Roman Catholicism dominate
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southern New England, Southwest
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Many Islamic states in the Middle East regularly combine religion and state and don't separate them. This is an example of what
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theocracy
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The two primary Eastern religions of Hinduism and Buddhism each have their hearths located where
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Northern India
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Yom Kippur, or the Day of Atonement is the most important holiday in which religion
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Judaism
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What language is known as the lingua franca of Eastern Africa
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Swahili
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What percentage of the world's languages are expected to die out within the nest century
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90 %
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Which distinctive cultural region in the United States has its own food, music, and language along the border with Mexico
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Tex-Mex
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Which of the following is the best example of folk food
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Blowfish in Japan
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The modern game of soccer spread to many parts of the world because of British colonization. This an example of which type of diffusion
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relocation
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Which type of map would have the largest scale
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city map
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Geographers consistently ask
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why and where questions
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Distortion is especially severe on
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large-scale maps
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A map displays in full detail what lies on the Earth's surface
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False
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Line of longitude
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intersect at the poles
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Which of the following terms most directly refers to geographical techniques that collect information about the earth's surface from distantiated perspectives
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Remote sensing
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Situation identifies a place by its
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location relative to other objects
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What is the difference between GPS and GIS
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GIS is the layering of data whereas GPS is the gathering of data
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Modern geography traces its origins to the
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17th century
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The frequency of a phenomenon in a given area is known as density
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True
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A sub-field of geography that deals holistically with the environmental and human attributes of a particular territory is known as
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regional geography
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The ideas that material innovations, such as new technological, diffuse more rapidly than newly exposed cultures can adequately respond ans adapt to them best illustrates the idea of
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cultural lag
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Mental maps could be especially useful for
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tourist bureaus, college admissions officers, chamber of commerce members
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All of the following are examples of the spatial analysis tradition in geography EXCEPT the
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number of space shuttles constructed
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Twenty-four specific objects transmit complex radio codes, including time signals traveling at the speed of light. You can contact at least 4 of the 24 objects at any time of day or night. The technology described above allows the determination of which of the following
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absolute location on the surface of the Earth
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four traditions of geography according to W.D. Pattison's definition
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field-studies tradition
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Using a map projection, there will always be some distortion because
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a map has to depict the curved surface of the the-dimensional earth on a two dimensional sheet of paper
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Today, physical geographers tend to focus on
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large-scale systems
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Geography is not concerned with the study of physical processed
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False
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Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the origins of geography
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Humans have practiced geography at least since the time of ancient civilization
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The science of making maps is
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cartography
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Site refers to the
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internal locational attributes of a place
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A method for representing the three dimensional surface of the earth on a two-dimensional surface of a map is known as
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projection
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The spread of an ideas through the movement of people is known as stimulus diffusion
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false
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The ideas that the physical environment limits human actions but that people have the ability to adjust to that environment is called possibilism
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True
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Which of the following is NOT a good example of a barrier to spatial diffusion
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a highway system
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Greenwich Mean Time is measure from
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0 degrees longitude
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The type of map that shows areas with statistical values in three to five categories is know as a
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choropleth map
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Which of the following examples is least likely to be perceived as a path in cognitive space
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an impenetrable forest
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"Sense of place" refers to
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the unique physical and human attributes that give a place character
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A computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes, and displays geographic data is
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GIS
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All of the following are intervening obstacles to the flow goods and people except
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highways
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Site identifies a place by its
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unique physical characteristics
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A functional region can exhibit the distance-decay phenomenon
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True
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Accessibility and connectivity are two interrelated ways to describe
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spatial interactions
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Map projections that preserve and accurately represent the shape of the geographical areas and features are said to be
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conformal
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Driving around to gather information for street navigation is called
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ground truthing
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Which of the following cartographic terms describes the location of a place in terms of its angular distance north or south of the equator
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latitude
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How an issue changes with respect to whether it is looked at from a local to global perspective is referred to as
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scale analysis
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Geographic Information Systems uses multiple layers of information to produce
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computer maps
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The maps's smallest discernible unit is its
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resolution
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What are maps called that keep shapes intact, but distort area
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conformal
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Who first coined the term geography
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Eratosthenes
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Geographic scale refers to
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a conceptual hierarchy of spaces
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At what degree of latitude is the North Pole
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90 degrees North
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All maps have
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distortion
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Seattle is located on the northwestern end of Washington. It has a moist, marine climate, a large university, and a famous downtown market. This information gives us a description of Seattle's
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site
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____________ refers to concepts that are universally applicable
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Nomothetic
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During the process of map-making, in which the three-dimensional surface of the earth is projected onto a flat, two-dimensional surface, all of the following attributes can become distorted EXCEPT
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relative location
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which of the following terms refers to one culture's dominance over another culture, often as a result of forceful control
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cultural imperialism
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according to the environmental determinism
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the physical environment causes social development, the physical environment sets limits on human actions, people can choose a course of action from many alternative offered by the physical environment
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a holistic approach to studying the relationship between a human society and its natural environment is known as
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cultural ecology
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the center of the domestication of maize corn was
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meso- america
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the initial unifying agent that preceded the emergence if popular culture was the
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printing press
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the united states is multicultural because
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in this country we find many different languages and ways of life
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which of the following is an example of stimulus diffusion
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the spread of drive-through windows from fast food restaurants to liquor stores
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multiculturalists claim that, over the course of u.s. history, most non-english immigrants were advised to adopt the cultural patterns of the english-their "betters"- rather than "melt in"
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true
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which of the following is a term used in the study of place names
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toponyms
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the story of helen keller who became blind and deaf, shows how the development of our humanity in the ability to understand and use symbols
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true
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which if the following adds to the creation of a global culture
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all of the above: the flow of goods from country to country, information around the world, people from country to country
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in contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of
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large heterogeneous groups
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which of the following best accounts for the universal appeal of blue jeans
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diffusion of popular culture
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organized spectator sports represent folk culture since they commonly originate from anonymous hearths
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false
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__________is the collection of names that different cultures give ti various features if the earth including settlements, terrain, streams, and other land features
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toponymy
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which if the two cities in the United States often serve as hearths for population culture
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new york, and los angeles
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the fact that instant messaging is based in a new set if symbols shows us that
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all of the above: today's young people are creating new symbols, there are many ways to use symbols to communicate, culture changes over time
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Diffusion of Internet service is following the earlier pattern of television, except
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diffusion is much faster
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A major factor in the diffusion of British football was the presence of British citizens in other countries
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True
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This is the process by which a less dominant culture adopts some of the traits of a more dominant culture
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acculturation
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The place or area where a cultural practice originates is know as a
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hearth
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Which of the following correctly lists the four major ancient culture hearths
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Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, Nile Valley, North China
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Jeans provide a good example of material culture that is adopted by a number of different societies. This refers to what type of material culture
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folk culture
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Hierarchical diffusion is
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the spread of an idea from persons of power to other persons
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Which is a form of expansion diffusion
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all of the above: contagious, hierarchical, stimulus
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Which of the following is an example of relocation diffusion
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all of the above: the spread of baseball to Japan, the spread of AIDS to the US, the spread of Roman Catholicism to Latin America
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China produces a relatively large amount of pork compares to the countries of Southwestern Asia primarily because
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Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption
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Folk Culture is transmitted from one location to another primarily through
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relocation diffusion
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Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that
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relies on culture to ensure survival
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Elements of globalization of culture include all but
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uniform consumption preferences
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Most people in the United States share values that everyone should not only have equality of opportunity, but also equality in all aspects of social standing
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flase
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Because of its physical isolation from much of early settled America, the folk cultural region that has retained folk artifacts and customs more than any other is
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Upland South
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Which of the following is the most accurate with regard to food preferences and taboos
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some foods are avoided for religious or cultural reasons even at the expense of a balanced diet
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Which of the following is not an aspect of material culture
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folksongs
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Two social groups living in close proximity will retain unique social customs it there is limited interaction between them
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True
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The spatial distribution of soccer during the twentieth century is an example of
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popular culture
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Examples of non-material aspects of culture include all of the following except
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clothing
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Which element of the local physical environment is important for wine production
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all of the above: climate, soil, topography
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The habit of evaluating other customs, beliefs, and practices according tot he limited perspectives of one's own culture is known as
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anthropocentrism
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What is the term for the phenomenon that the farther a feature moves from a hearth, the less dominant it is
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distance decay
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A single attribute of culture is called a
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culture trait
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The global diffusion of popular culture may threaten folk culture by
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the integration of popular culture into local customs
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A taboo against pork is a characteristic of
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Judaism and Islam
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Cultural values in the United States always go together-they are all consistent with one another
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False
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Cultural relativism means using your own cultural standards to evaluate another culture
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False
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Thick-walled, long and single-storied with a flat or low-pitched earth-covered roof best describes which house type
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a saltbox house of New England
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On which country would Western Culture have the least amount of influence
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Republic of Congo
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Popular culture and folk culture can both result in a higher levels of
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all of the above: extinction of animal species, demand for raw materials, consumption of animal products
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What is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that together make up the way of life for a group of people
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culture
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The theory that the physical environment causes social and cultural development is called
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environmental determinism
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