AP Human Geography chapter 8 political geography – Flashcards
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balance of power
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Distribution of power in which no single nation is able to dominate or interfere with others.
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Berlin Conference
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(1884-85) Series of negotiations at Berlin in which the major European nations met to determine the future of Central Africa. The participants declared the Congo River basin region to be neutral, guaranteed freedom of trade and shipping for all colonial powers, forbade slave trading, and rejected Portugal's claims to the region.
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boundary
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the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something
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capital
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wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value
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city-state
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a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland
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civil divisions
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Governmental divisions that divide citizens
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colonialism
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Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.
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colony
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A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.
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compact state
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a state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly
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core
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the center of an object
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democratization
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the action of making something democratic
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devolution
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the delegation of authority (especially from a central to a regional government)
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elongated state
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A state with a long, narrow shape.
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EEZ
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Under the law of the sea, an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources.
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fragmented state
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A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.
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federal state
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An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government.
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frontier
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A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.
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high seas
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Areas of seas considered beyond territorial waters.
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gerrymander
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the drawing of electoral district lines to the advantage of a party or group
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imperialism
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Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society.
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irredentism
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the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related
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landlocked state
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a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea
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microstate
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A state that encompasses a very small land area.
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multinational state
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State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities.
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perforated state
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a state that completely surrounds another one
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prorupted state
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an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension.
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soverignity
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Ability of a state to govern in territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.
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state
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an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs
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stateless nation
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Nation that does not have a state.
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territorial waters
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the waters surrounding a nation and its territories over which that nation exercises sovereign jurisdiction
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territoriality
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In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended.
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terrorism
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the calculated use of violence (or threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature
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unitary state
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An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials
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supranational organizations
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the collections of individual states with a common goal that may be economic and/or political in nature; such organizations diminish, to some extent, individual state sovereignty in favor of the group interests of the membership
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UNCLOS
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A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles (22km) from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide (370-km-wide) exclusive economic zones.
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United Nations
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an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security
