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To assimilate or cause to assimilate a different culture, typically the dominant culture.

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Acculturation

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Used by anthropologist, Yehudi Cohen, to describe a society's system of economic penalism. Cohen argued that the most important reason for similarities between two (or more) unrelated societies is their possession of a similar of this. He includes these five adaptive strategies: foraging, horticulture, agriculture, pastoralism, and industrialism.

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Adaptive strategy

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A policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.

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Apartheid

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To absorb and integrate (people, ideas, or culture) into a wider society or culture.

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Assimilation

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To divide (a region or body) into smaller mutually hostile states or groups. Refers to from Balkan Peninsula where this was done in the late 19th and early 20th cent.

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Balkanization

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A district of a town in Spain and Spanish-speaking countries. The "dramatic" increase in Hispanic population in a given neighborhood.

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Barrio & Barrioization

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When real estate agents convinced white homeowners living near a black area to sell their houses at low prices, preying on their fears that black families would soon move into the neighborhood and cause the property values to decline.

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Blockbusting

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An attitude that tends unify people and enhance support for the state.

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Centripetal force

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This is when one culture adapts to the other cultural aspects of the area in which they live. This may mold together a whole new cultural tradition.

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Cultural adaptation

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a politically unstable region where differing cultural elements come into contact and conflict.

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Cultural shatterbelt

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The deaths of young women who are murdered or driven to suicide by continuous harassment and torture by husbands and in-laws in an effort to extort an increased dowry.

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Dowry deaths

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To give the right to vote to.

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Enfranchisement

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The process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one to create an ethnically homogeneous region.

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Ethnic cleansing

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A war between ethnic groups often as a result of ethnic nationalism or fight over natural resources. Ethnic conflict often includes genocide. It can also be caused by boundary disputes.

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Ethnic conflict

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A small geographical region in which a large number of immigrants have congregated, such as in Chinatown.

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Ethnic enclave

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A group of people who identify with each other through common heritage often consisting of a common language.

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Ethnic group

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The hearth of an ethnic group, where their ancestry came from.

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Ethnic homeland

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spatial distributions and interactions of ethnic groups and of the cultural characteristics on which they are based.

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Ethnic landscape

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Neighborhood, district or suburb which retains some cultural distinction from a larger surrounding area.

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Ethnic neighborhood

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A term used to demean minorities, often used as an insult among haters.

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Ethnic slur

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The fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.

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Ethnicity

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The notion that one's own ethnicity is also the most important.

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Ethnocentrism

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The state of being male of female (typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones).

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Gender

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The discrepancy in opportunities, status, attitudes, etc., between men and women.

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Gender gap

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A place that is designed for or claimed by men or women. Example: Beauty shop vs. Barber shop

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Gendered Space

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During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure.

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Ghetto

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Often used as synonym for the concept of racism

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Identifying against

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How we make sense of ourselves - how people see them selves at different scales.

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Identity

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The murder of a child. This is considered the most heinous of crimes in almost all societies.

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Infanticide

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The changing land use within a neighborhood (example: African Americans moving from ghettos to rural neighborhoods after the elimination of the segregation laws in the United States)

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Invasion and succession

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The difference of average life spans between different groups of people.

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Longevity gap

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The measure of the risk of dying from causes associated with pregnancy and childbirth.

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Maternal mortality rate

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State that contains more than one ethnicity

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Multi-ethnic state

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State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities.

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Multinational state

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Theoretically, a recognized member of the Mordred state system possessing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. Most nations and states aspire to this form, but it is realized almost nowhere. Nonetheless, in common parlance, it is used as a synonymy for country or state.

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Nation-state

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love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

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Nationalism

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Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there.

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nationality

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a society in which several ethnic groupings coexist.

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Plural society

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Theory defined by geographers that highlights the contextual nature of opposition to the hetronormative and focus on the political engagements of "queers" with the hertronormative.

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Queer theory

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Identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor.

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Race

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the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities that the racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.

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racism

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A person who believes that their race has characteristics specific to their race; and creates a prejudice against other races different than them.

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racist

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A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money or purchase or improve property within the boundaries.

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Red lining

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The segregation of where groups of people inside a specific community, area, or country live.

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Residential segregation

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Separating types of human based on anything distinguishing two people; such as race and sex. Prevalent in the United States until the early 70's.

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Segregation

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is the right for all peoples to determine their own economic, social, and cultural development.

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Self-determination

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A consciousness of one's physical surroundings or collective awareness of place expressed in cultural forms

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Sense of place

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A person who works fields rented from a land owner any pays the rent and repays the loan by turning over to the landowner a share of crops.

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Sharecropper

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The perceived distance between social strata, as in different socia-economic racial, or ethnic group.

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Social distance

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An efficient triangular trading pattern in which ships from Europe took. The route was from Europe to Africa, from Africa to the Western Hemisphere, and then from there back to Europe. By doing this, they were able to trade goods and transport slaves at the same time.

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triangular slave trade

AP Human Geography Chapter 7 (Ethnicity) Key Terms – Flashcards

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